TABLE 4.
Summary of the Secondary Outcomes
| Character/Incidence | Lidocaine Group | Epidural Group | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hypotension* | |||
| POD 1 | 4 (107), 3.7% | 28 (107), 26.1% | <0.0001 |
| POD 2 | 2 (99), 2% | 13 (104), 12.5% | 0.013 |
| POD 3 | 0 (60), 0% | 7 (93), 7.5% | 0.045 |
| POD 4 | 0 (35), 0% | 1 (71), 1.4% | 1 |
| Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV)* | |||
| POD 1 | 14 (107), 13% | 27 (107), 25.2% | 0.090 |
| POD 2 | 12 (99), 12.1% | 28 (103), 27.1% | 0.042 |
| POD 3 | 8 (60), 13.3% | 19 (91), 20.8% | 0.435 |
| POD 4 | 4 (35), 11.4% | 20 (70), 28.5% | 0.141 |
| Pruritus* | |||
| POD 1 | 3 (106), 2.8% | 38 (103), 27.1% | <0.0001 |
| POD 2 | 1 (99), 1% | 40 (103), 38.8% | <0.0001 |
| POD 3 | 1 (61), 1.6% | 32 (92), 34.7% | <0.0001 |
| POD 4 | 2 (35), 5.7% | 26 (70), 37.1% | 0.004 |
| Urine retention* | |||
| POD 1 | 3 (107), 2.8% | 7 (54), 12.9% | 0.035 |
| POD 2 | 3 (99), 3% | 9 (64), 14% | 0.029 |
| POD 3 | 3 (61), 4.9% | 5 (68), 7.3% | 0.723 |
| POD 4 | 1 (36), 2.7% | 2 (55), 3.6% | 1 |
| Patient pain management satisfaction (yes)* | |||
| POD 1 | 79 (107), 73.8% | 77 (102), 75.4% | 1 |
| POD 2 | 72 (99), 72.7% | 82 (102), 80.3% | 0.718 |
| POD 3 | 40 (58), 68.9% | 84 (91), 92.3% | 0.309 |
| POD 4 | 25 (34), 73.5% | 67 (70), 95.7% | 0.493 |
| Time for first ambulation,†‡h | 40 (22, 55) | 44 (26, 70) | 0.252 |
| Time for urinary catheter removal,†‡h | 26 (20, 58) | 50 (37, 96) | <0.0001 |
| Time for first return of bowel function,†‡h | 61 (41,85) | 84 (53, 107) | 0.019 |
| Duration of hospital stay,†‡h | 120 (75, 168) | 144 (102, 193) | 0.081 |
*
Presented as frequency, P value from χ2 or Fisher exact tests.
†
Presented as median and (IQR), P value from Mann-Whitney U test.
‡
All these measurements calculated from the time the patient left the theater.