Table 5.

Summary of Primary Study Characteristics Linked with Medication Adherence Outcomes

Higher Adherence	Lower Adherence
Intervention Content
Behaviorally focused interventions (e.g., prompts, behavioral goal setting or contracts, rewards)	Cognitive focused interventions to change knowledge, beliefs, or attitudes
Habit-based interventions (e.g., link medication taking with existing habits)
Standardized interventions	Individualized interventions
Intervention Delivery
Pharmacist interventionists
Intervention delivered directly to patients	Interventions delivered to health care providers with the intent that they will affect patient adherence
Face-to-face interventions	Surface-mail interventions
	Interventions delivered in patients’ homes
	Computer-based interventions
Intervention Recipients
Younger patients	Older patients
	Homeless patients
Research Methods
Pill count adherence measurements	Self-report adherence measurements
	Masked data collectors
	Intention to treat analyses

Statistically significant moderators of medication adherence effect sizes.