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. 2017 Jun 7;8:15640. doi: 10.1038/ncomms15640

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Copyright © 2017, The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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(a) Device structure, glass/ITO/ZnO/PVP/CsPbBr₃/CBP/MoO₃/Al, here PVP is polyvinyl pyrrolidine, CBP is 4,4′-Bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1′-biphenyl. ZnO are CBP/MoO₃ are used as the electron and hole injection layers, respectively. PVP was used to improve peorvskite morphology and also passivate the interface defects and improve charge injection balance. (b) Band alignment of each functional layer. (c) Cross-sectional SEM image of the LEDs, scale bar is 500 nm.