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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Apr 20.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Chem Biol. 2017 Apr 6;24(4):507–514.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.03.009

Figure 1. Val-boroPro induces apoptosis in Gsdmd−/− macrophages. See also Fig. S1 and Movies S1–4.

Figure 1

(A) The structure of Val-boroPro. (B) Confirmation of Gsdmd knockout (KO) in RAW 264.7 macrophages by immunoblotting. An asterisk (*) indicates a background band. (C) LDH release from Gsdmd−/− RAW 264.7 cells treated with Val-boroPro was delayed, but not prevented. Caspase-1 is required for Val-boroPro-induced cell death. Data are means ± SEM of 3 independent experiments. *** p < 0.001 for GFP versus Gsdmd KO cells. (D) Static brightfield images of control and Gsdmd KO1 RAW 264.7 cells treated with Val-boroPro or etoposide. Arrows indicate dying cells. The images are representative of four randomly selected fields. (E) Immunoblotting reveals Parp cleavage in Gsdmd−/−, but not in control or Casp−/−, RAW 264.7 cells treated with Val-boroPro. As expected, etoposide induced Parp cleavage in all cells tested here. VbP, Val-boroPro; Etop., etoposide; FL, full-length; CL, cleaved.