Table 4.
Determinants of transitioning to and from none/mild/moderate liver fibrosis (F0–F1–F2) and severe fibrosis/cirrhosis (F3–F4) during tenofovir-containing ART.
| Univariable |
Multivariablea |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Determinant | F0–F1–F2 → F3–F4 | F3–F4 → F0–F1–F2 | F0–F1–F2 → F3–F4 | F3–F4 → F0–F1–F2 |
| Age at baseline | ||||
| per year | 1.08 (1.05–1.12) | 0.96 (0.92–1.00) | ||
| >40 years | 3.75 (2.09–6.72) | 0.69 (0.36–1.29) | 1.08 (1.04–1.12) | 0.96 (0.92–1.01) |
| Female gender | 0.18 (0.05–0.61) | 1.94 (0.58–6.51) | 0.16 (0.05–0.57) | 1.43 (0.36–5.71) |
| Zone of high HBV-endemicity | 0.24 (0.11–0.53) | 0.80 (0.34–1.90) | ||
| Cardiovascular disease | 1.88 (1.12–3.18) | 0.81 (0.46–1.44) | ||
| Diabetes | 5.30 (1.25–22.41) | 1.28 (0.29–5.72) | ||
| AIDS-defining illness | 2.29 (1.36–3.85) | 0.86 (0.49–1.51) | ||
| CD4+ cell count | ||||
| ≥500/mm3 at baseline | 0.90 (0.54–1.48) | 0.98 (0.58–1.68) | ||
| ≥350/mm3 at baseline | 0.64 (0.39–1.05) | 1.13 (0.65–1.95) | ||
| ≥500/mm3 during follow-up | 0.69 (0.42–1.15) | 1.11 (0.65–1.89) | ||
| ≥350/mm3 during follow-up | 0.79 (0.46–1.35) | 1.19 (0.65–2.16) | ||
| Nadir CD4+ cell count (≥250/mm3) | 0.63 (0.36–1.08) | 1.01 (0.57–1.78) | ||
| HIV-RNA (<50 copies/mL) | 1.49 (0.79–2.81) | 1.12 (0.53–2.35) | ||
| Previous antiretroviral exposure | ||||
| Zidovudine | 2.38 (1.07–5.30) | 0.72 (0.25–2.04) | ||
| Stavudine | 1.40 (0.84–2.34) | 0.61 (0.35–1.06) | ||
| Indinavir/r | 1.73 (1.06–2.81) | 1.17 (0.68–2.01) | ||
| ART duration (per year) | 1.12 (1.05–1.19) | 1.01 (0.94–1.08) | 1.07 (1.00–1.15) | 1.01 (0.93–1.09) |
| PI-containing ART | 2.43 (1.44–4.09) | 1.22 (0.69–2.17) | 2.41 (1.38–4.19) | 1.21 (0.64–2.28) |
| ATZ exposure | 3.59 (1.86–6.94) | 1.25 (0.63–2.47) | ||
| HBV-DNA viral load | ||||
| per log10 IU/mL during follow-up | 0.93 (0.80–1.08) | 1.04 (0.89–1.22) | ||
| <60 IU/mL during follow-up | 1.14 (0.68–1.92) | 0.93 (0.51–1.68) | ||
| HBeAg positive at baseline | 1.34 (0.79–2.29) | 1.43 (0.79–2.59) | ||
| ALT >2 × ULN | 1.92 (0.96–3.85) | 1.74 (0.79–3.84) | ||
aIn the multivariable model, continuous age was preferred over age greater than forty years and PIs as a class was preferred over individual agents. In order to avoid overfitting, diabetes was not included. The following variables were removed from the model because their corresponding P value was no longer significant (P <0.05): zone of high HBV-endemicity, cardiovascular disease, AIDS-defining illness and previous exposure to zidovudine or ritonavir-boosted indinavir.