Cytotoxicity assays of individual uncaria alkaloids (Rhy, Irhy, Cory, Icory, HS and HST) and VRP in ABCB1-overexpressing cells and in their parental cells. (A) The chemical structures of Rhy, Irhy, Cory, Icory, HS and HST. (B) The percentage of surviving cells was measured after treatment with Rhy, Irhy, Cory, Icory, HS and HST for 72 h in ABCB1-overexpressing cells and their parental cells, namely, HepG2/ADM and HepG2 cells, respectively. (C) The cell survival percentage was measured after treatment with Icory for 72 h in MCF-7/ADR and MCF-7 cells. (D) The cell survival percentage was measured after treatment with VRP for 72 h in HepG2/ADM, HepG2 cells, MCF-7/ADR and MCF-7 cells. The results were presented as the means ± SD of three independent experiments performed in six replicates.