FIG. 5.

Development of a dual-species biofilm at 25°C in response to continuous exposure at low (•, 1.0 mmol/h) or high (○, 5.01 mmol/h) concentrations of carvacrol compared to untreated biofilm development (dotted line). A) Staphylococci. B) Salmonellae. C) Protein. The experimental limit of detection was 2 log CFU/biofilm. Samples were collected ≤10 min after each antimicrobial pulse. Data points represent mean values of three independent experiments with standard deviations of <0.3716 log CFU/biofilm for viable counts and <12.5 μg/biofilm for protein values.