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. 2017 Jun 12;7:3238. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-03549-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Histopathological examination of injured facial nerves on day 7 by Luxol fast bule staining (A,B,E,F,I,J,M,N) and Bielschowsky staining (C,D,G,H,K,L,O,P). Grade I injured facial nerve (A-D) had an integrated perineurium and continuous axons with well-distributed and aligned myelin sheaths in the cross-sections. Grade II injured facial nerve (E–H) had patchy loss of myelin sheaths with intact nerve bundles. Grade III injured facial nerve (I–L) had substantial thinning of myelin sheaths and blistered and vacuolar degenerative axons. Most of the myelin sheaths and axons were disintegrated in Grade IV injured facial nerve (M–P).