Table 4.
Comparison of clinical and neurophysiological abnormalities among outcome categories
| Variables | Survivors | Non-survivors | p value | No altered mental status | Altered mental status | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients—n (%) | 49 (57) | 37 (43) | 14 (22) | 49 (78) | ||
| Age (years)—mean (SD) | 58 (18) | 64 (19) | 0.058 | 58 (20) | 60 (20) | 0.75 |
| Women—n (%) | 19 (39) | 10 (27) | 0.36 | 5 (36) | 20 (41) | >0.99 |
| SAPS II—median (IQR) | 48 (37 to 60) | 53 (34 to 70) | 0.47 | 45 (28 to 53) | 48 (37 to 59) | 0.36 |
| Day-3 SOFA—median (IQR) | 10 (8 to 12) | 13 (10 to 17) | 0.004 | 10 (8 to 12) | 10 (8 to 13) | 0.96 |
| GCS—median (IQR) | 3 (3 to 4) | 3 (3 to 3) | 0.18 | 3 (3 to 3) | 3 (3 to 5) | 0.29 |
| FOUR Score—median (IQR) | 4 (3 to 6.5) | 4 (0 to 4.0) | 0.026 | 4 (3.2 to 5) | 4 (3 to 7) | 0.85 |
| Abolition of cough reflex-n (%) | 7 (15) | 17 (47) | 0.003 | 3 (21) | 10 (22) | >0.99 |
| RASSa—median (IQR) | −5 (−5 to −4) | −5 (−5 to −5) | 0.001 | −5 (−5 to −4) | −5 (−5 to −4) | 0.95 |
| Brain injured—n (%) | 24 (49) | 13 (35) | 0.27 | 4 (29) | 28 (57) | 0.07 |
| Sedative drug used | ||||||
| Midazolam—n (%) | 44 (90) | 35 (95) | 0.43 | 13 (93) | 44 (90) | >0.99 |
| Sufentanil—n (%) | 44 (90) | 35 (95) | 0.86 | 13 (93) | 44 (90) | >0.99 |
| Propofol—n (%) | 9 (18) | 0 (0) | 0.009 | 0 (0) | 8 (16) | 0.18 |
| Conduction times (ms)—mean (SD) | ||||||
| SSEP N9–N13 IPL | 3.8 (0.9) | 4 (0.9) | 0.17 | 3.7 (0.6) | 3.9 (0.9) | >0.99 |
| SSEP P14–N20 IPL (ICCT)a | 5.2 (1.6) | 5.6 (1.5) | 0.02 | 5.1 (1.3) | 5.4 (1.6) | 0.64 |
| BAEP I–III IPL | 2.2 (0.3) | 2.4 (0.3) | 0.09 | 2.3 (0.3) | 2.3 (0.3) | 0.81 |
| BAEP III–V IPL (IPCT) | 2.2 (0.5) | 2.3 (0.4) | 0.33 | 2.0 (0.3) | 2.3 (0.5) | 0.001 |
| Delayed conduction time—n (%) | ||||||
| SSEP N9–N13 IPL | 7 (14) | 7 (19) | 0.57 | 1 (7) | 6 (12) | >0.99 |
| SSEP P14–N20 IPL | 17 (35) | 22 (59) | 0.029 | 5 (36) | 22 (45) | 0.76 |
| BAEP I–III IPL | 9 (18) | 8 (22) | 0.79 | 3 (21) | 7 (14) | 0.68 |
| BAEP III–V IPL | 8 (16) | 7 (19) | 0.78 | 0 (0) | 12 (24) | 0.053 |
IPL inter-peak latency. ICCT intracranial conduction time, IPCT intra- pontine conduction time; IPL of SSEP or BAEP’s components were scored as “delayed” when they were greater than the “mean + 2.5 SD” of the ones of a healthy control group
aN20 was abolished in three patients. P14–N20 IPL were consequently considered as delayed for these three patients with abolished N20