Table 3.

Complications associated with biochemical derangement and their correction.

Severe hypokalemia	Potassium over-replacement
Severe muscle weakness or rhabdomyolysis	Muscle weakness and paralysis
Cardiac conduction abnormalities	Cardiac conduction abnormalities
Fatal arrhythmias (VT, VF)	Fatal arrhythmias (VT, VF, sinus arrest, asystole)
Severe metabolic acidosis	Bicarbonate replacement
Impaired myocardial contractility	Hypokalaemia
Cerebral vasodilation	Decreased tissue oxygen uptake (1)
Gastrointestinal complications	Cerebral oedema in children (1, 14)
Coma (1, 2)	Paradoxical worsening of ketosis in adults (14)
Severe phosphate deficiency	Phosphate over-replacement
Respiratory and skeletal muscle weakness, Haemolytic anaemia and poor cardiac contractility (2, 41)	Hypocalcaemia (1)

VT, ventricular tachycardia; VF, ventricular fibrillation.