Table 1.
Summary of population studies investigating onset of DM in FH patients with statins treatment.
| Author and Published year | Country | Study design | Population and the cause of FH | DM-related findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vohl et al., 1997 | Canada | Case control study | 102 patients without FH, 102 hFH patients; a defective allele at LDLR or LDLR mutation. | The prevalence of DM was significantly higher in the non-FH group than in the two FH groups (P < 0.05). |
| Skoumas et al., 2007 | Greece | Cross-sectional study. | A total 1306 subjects: 600 individuals with hFH, and 706 individuals with FCH; LDLR mutation or plasma levels of LDL cholesterol above the 95th percentile. | FCH had a significantly increased prevalence of DM (13 vs. 2%, P < 0.001) vs FH group, whereas total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B levels were higher (all P < 0.001) in FH subjects. |
| Skoumas et al., 2014 | Greece | Ambispective cohort study. | A total of 523 adult patients (314 hFH and 209 FCH patients); LDL-receptor mutation or plasma levels of LDL cholesterol above the 95th percentile. | 14% of FCH and only 1% of hFH patients developed DM during follow up. |
| Kusters et al., 2014 | Netherland | Retrospective cohort study | 2144 children with hFH; LDR mutation. | Statin treatment was not associated with an increased risk of new-onset DM in these patients. |
| Besseling et al., 2015 | Netherland | Cross-sectional study | All individuals (n = 63 320) who underwent DNA testing for FH; 3475 were ApoB mutation carriers, 21 606 had the LDLR mutation, and 56 had PCSK9 mutation. | The prevalence of T2DM was 1.75% in FH patients (n = 440/25 137) vs 2.93% in unaffected relatives (P < 0.001). The adjusted prevalence of type 2 DM by APOB vs LDL receptor gene was 1.91% vs 1.33%. |
| Fuentes et al., 2015 | Spain | Cross-sectional and prospective cohort study | 2558 FH and 1265 unaffected relatives with a mean follow-up of 5.9 years; LDLR mutation. | Finally, in the adjusted Kaplan–Meier curve, there are no differences between FH group vs control group in the incidence of T2DM according the duration of treatment with statins. |
hFH, heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia; FCH, familial combined hyperlipidemia; LDLR, low density lipoprotein receptor; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; PCSK9, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9; ApoB, apolipoprotein B.