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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Reprod Immunol. 2017 Mar 24;78(1):10.1111/aji.12669. doi: 10.1111/aji.12669

Figure 5. The effect of insulin sensitizing drugs on TGF-β and TNF-α expression in human peritoneal fluid mononuclear cell (PFMCs).

Figure 5

Figure 5

PFMCs were cultured without (control) or with lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 1μg/mL) for 8 hrs followed by quantitative RT-PCR. Insulin sensitizing drugs, metformin (activator of the AMP-activated protein kinase, 1mM), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist; pioglitazone (10μM), and rosiglitazone (10μM) were added 1hr before the treatment with LPS. Total RNA was extracted from the cells and subjected to real-time PCR to determine the expression of TGF-β (Fig. 5a) and TNF-α (Fig. 5b). Data were normalized by GAPDH mRNA levels to show the relative abundance. Representative data from five different experiments were shown as the mean ± S.E.M relative to an adjusted value of 1.0 for the mean value of the each control. *: P<0.01 (vs. LPS-treated control).