Table 3.
Errors and deviations from the American Heart Association’s pulseless ventricular tachycardia algorithm.
| Critical Resuscitation Endpoints (AHA pVTa algorithm) |
AHAb recommended doses (Joules per kg), (mL per kg) |
Randomization Arm | ||||
| ARc Glasses Mean (SD, 95% CI) |
% deviation (P value) |
PALSd ref. cards Mean (SD, 95% CI) |
% deviation (P value)i |
|||
| 1st defibrillation attempt | 2.00 | 2.12 (0.71, 1.61-2.63) | 6 (.60) | 3.46 (2.23, 1.87-5.05) | 73 (.068) | |
| 2nd defibrillation attempt | 4.00 | 3.40 (0.97, 2.71-4.09) | 15 (.081) | 4.52 (1.53, 3.42-5.62) | 13 (.31) | |
| Epinephrine 1:10,000 | 0.1 | 0.1 (0, 0.1-0.1) | 0 (1.00) | 0.1 (0, 0.1-0.1) | 0 (1.00) | |
| 3rd defibrillation attempt | 4.00 | 4.00 (0, 4.00-4.00) | 0 (1.00) | 5.00 (1.51, 3.74-6.26) | 25 (.10) | |
| Amiodarone | 0.1 | 0.1 (0, 0.1-0.1) | 0 (1.00) | 0.1 (0, 0.1-0.1) | 0 (1.00) | |
| 4th defibrillation attempt | 4.00 | 4.00 (0, 4.00-4.00) | 0 (1.00) | 5.68 (1.18, 4.84-6.52) | 42 (.0014) | |
| Cumulative defibrillation dose | 14.0 | 13.52 (0.97, 12.32-14.72) | 3.4 (.10) | 18.66 (2.03, 13.87-23.45)e | 33.3 (.025) | |
| Correct AHA sequence | 60% | 40%f | ||||
| Correct number of shocks | 80% | 70% | ||||
| Shock overdoses (>100 J) | 1/40 opportunities | 21/40 opportunitiesg | ||||
| Total number of errors | 5/40 opportunities | 26/40 opportunitiesh | ||||
| Defibrillation errors at 1st attempt, n (details) | 2 (40% lower, 200% higher) | 5 (0.6 Joules per kg to 6 Joules per kg) | ||||
| Defibrillation errors at 2nd attempt, n (details) | 3 (2 Joules per kg instead of 4 Joules per kg) | 5 (1.2 Joules per kg to 6 Joules per kg) | ||||
| Defibrillation errors at 3rd attempt, n (details) | 0 | 8 (2 Joules per kg to 6 Joules per kg) | ||||
| Defibrillation errors at 4th attempt, n (details) | 0 | 8 (4.8 Joules per kg to 8 Joules per kg) | ||||
apVT: Pulseless ventricular tachycardia.
bAHA: American Heart Association.
cAR: Augmented Reality.
dPALS: Pediatric Advanced Life Support.
eDifference between AR glasses and PALS reference cards groups: P=.0010.
fDifference between AR glasses and PALS reference cards groups: P=.66.
gDifference between AR glasses and PALS reference cards groups: P<.001.
hDifference between AR glasses and PALS reference cards groups: P<.001.
i% deviation denotes percentage deviation from AHA recommended dose.