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. 2017 Jun 13;5:17012. doi: 10.1038/boneres.2017.12

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Copyright © 2017 The Author(s)

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Power Doppler ultrasound detects blood vessels in later stages of osteoarthritis (OA) joints. (a) 3D reconstruction of blood vessels within the joint space in 8 weeks post-OA surgery. (b) H&E-stained knee joint section. (c) Enlarged image of two blood vessels. (d) Immunofluorescent staining of blood vessels with anti-CD31 antibody for endothelial cells (red) and anti-alpha-smooth muscle actin antibody for smooth muscle (green). Power Doppler volume in the joint space of OA (e) or sham joints (f) at different time points post-OA surgery. Values are from individual joint. n=8 mice per group. *P<0.05 between the two indicated groups. w, weeks.