Table 1.
Demographic and baseline characteristics
| Variable | HIV Negative | HIV Positive | Statistical test (df), p |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 400 | 32 | |
| Study, n (%) | X2(3) = 3.67, 0.30 | ||
| Petry et al. (2004) | 97 (24.3) | 5 (15.6) | |
| Petry et al. (2005) | 103 (25.8) | 13 (40.6) | |
| Petry et al. (2006) | 64 (16.0) | 4 (12.5) | |
| Petry et al. (2011) | 136 (34.0) | 10 (31.3) | |
| Treatment group, n (%) | X2(1) = 0.21, 0.65 | ||
| Contingency management | 259 (64.8) | 22 (68.8) | |
| Standard care | 141 (35.3) | 10 (31.3) | |
| Race, n (%) | X2(2) = 0.08, 0.96 | ||
| African American | 232 (58.0) | 18 (56.3) | |
| Caucasian | 124 (31.0) | 10 (31.3) | |
| Other | 44 (11.0) | 4 (12.5) | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | X2(1) = 0.001, 0.98 | ||
| Hispanic | 37 (9.3) | 3 (9.4) | |
| Other | 363 (90.75) | 29 (90.6) | |
| Male gender, n (%) | 197 (49.3) | 16 (50.0) | X2(1) = 0.01, 0.94 |
| Age* | 36.0 (8.6) | 41.1 (7.6) | t (430) = −3.23, 0.001 |
| Years of education | 11.9 (1.8) | 11.5 (2.0) | t (429) = 1.10, 0.27 |
| Employment status* | X2(2) = 9.96, 0.007 | ||
| Full Time | 176 (44.0) | 9 (28.1) | |
| Part time | 96 (24.0) | 4 (12.5) | |
| Other | 128 (32.0) | 19 (59.4) | |
| Earned annual income* | $10,327 (16,027) | $1,905 (4,137) | t (430) = 2.96, 0.003 |
| Baseline sample positive for cocaine, opioids or alcohol, n (%) | 78 (19.5) | 8 (25.0) | X2(1) = 0.55, 0.46 |
| Lifetime years of use ofa: | |||
| Cocaine | 10.5 (7.3) | 14.3 (7.5) | F (1) = 1.98, 0.16 |
| Alcohol | 14.0 (10.5) | 17.1 (10.4) | F (1) = 0.001, 0.97 |
| Heroin* | 1.8 (4.9) | 6.2 (10.3) | F (1) = 15.17, <0.001 |
| Marijuana | 8.3 (8.4) | 11.3 (10.6) | F (1) = 2.00, 0.16 |
| Past year substance use disorder, n (%) | |||
| Alcohol | 252 (63) | 21 (65.6) | X2(1) = 0.09, 0.77 |
| Opiates | 86 (30.1) | 8 (29.6) | X2(1) = 0.002, 0.96 |
| Addiction Severity Indexb | |||
| Medical* | 0.23 (0.34) | 0.41 (0.35) | t (430) = −2.85, 0.01 |
| Employment* | 0.72 (0.28) | 0.87 (0.24) | t (430) = −2.99, 0.003 |
| Alcohol | 0.21 (0.22) | 0.15 (0.20) | t (430) = 1.54, 0.12 |
| Drug use | 0.17 (0.09) | 0.15 (0.10) | t (429) = 1.30, 0.19 |
| Legal | 0.14 (0.21) | 0.07 (0.19) | t (429) = 1.87, 0.06 |
| Family/social | 0.19 (0.22) | 0.20 (0.23) | t (428) = −0.36, 0.72 |
| Psychological | 0.28 (0.24) | 0.25 (0.19) | t (427) = 0.63, 0.53 |
Note. Values are means and standard deviations unless otherwise indicated;
a
Analyses controlled for current age of participants.
b
Higher scores on the ASI indicate greater severity of symptoms.
*
Significant between group differences, p < .05