Table S1.

List of parameters used in the model

Model parameter	Description	Value	Source
$E_p$	FA plaque modulus	∼0.05 kPa	Estimated from Fisher et al. (41)
$E_{\text{ECM}}$	ECM modulus	∼0–20 kPa	Typical value for ECM modulus
$k_i$	Integrin stiffness	5 pN/nm	Estimated from Fisher et al. (41)
$E_n$	Nucleus modulus	∼5–10 kPa	Caille et al. (42)
$K$	Stiffness of the cytoskeleton	∼1 kPa	Chiron et al. (43)
${\rho }_0$	Initial myosin motor density	∼0.5 kPa	Wang et al. (44)
$\beta$	Chemo-mechanical coupling parameters related to the molecular mechanisms that regulate the engagement of motors	∼$2.77\times {10}^{-3}$ Pa	Shenoy et al. (33)
$\alpha$	Chemo-mechanical coupling parameters related to the molecular mechanisms that regulate the stress-dependent signaling pathways	∼$1.91\times {10}^{-3}$ Pa	Shenoy et al. (33)
$h$	Thickness of FA plaque	∼$0.1\hspace{0.17em}\mathrm{\mu }\text{m}$	Kanchanawong et al. (45)
$\mathrm{\Delta }{\mu }_0$	Energy barrier for protein recruitment without mechanical load	∼$1\times {10}^{-5}\hspace{0.17em}{\text{J/m}}^2$	Estimated from Nicolas et al. (21)
$\mathrm{\Delta }r$	Size of the recruited segment	∼$10\hspace{0.17em}\text{nm}$	Estimated from Kanchanawong et al. (45)
${\varphi }_0$	Initial ligand density	∼${10}^{10}\hspace{0.17em}{\text{m}}^{-2}$	Cavalcanti-Adam et al. (46)
$r_c$	Cell radius	∼$30\hspace{0.17em}\mathrm{\mu }\text{m}$	Typical value of cell radius
$r_{\text{ECM}}$	ECM radius	∼$100\hspace{0.17em}\mathrm{\mu }\text{m}$	Set much larger than cell size to eliminate boundary effect.