Table S1.
Counts of samples used in this study by taxonomic group and altered habitat category
| Group | Primary forest | Secondary forest | Lightly disturbed | Forest fragment | Plantation | Clearcut | Pasture | Cropland | Rural | Suburban | Urban | Total |
| Trees | 57 | 10 | 26 | 3 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 97 |
| Large mammals | 32 | 7 | 9 | 1 | 5 | — | — | 2 | 1 | — | — | 57 |
| Small mammals | 46 | 10 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 96 |
| Bats | 60 | 23 | 4 | 6 | 4 | — | 3 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 115 |
| Birds | 44 | 19 | 10 | 5 | 12 | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | 93 |
| Lizards | 37 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 7 | — | 3 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 61 |
| Frogs | 56 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 8 | — | 5 | 2 | 1 | — | — | 84 |
| Mosquitoes | 25 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 9 | 13 | 5 | 4 | 73 | |
| Ants | 32 | 8 | 3 | 8 | 8 | — | 1 | 3 | — | — | 1 | 64 |
| Dung beetles | 30 | 7 | 3 | 6 | 5 | — | 10 | 3 | — | — | — | 64 |
| Butterflies | 26 | 9 | 16 | 1 | 9 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 2 | — | — | 71 |
| Total | 445 | 108 | 86 | 46 | 71 | 3 | 37 | 34 | 25 | 8 | 12 | 875 |
All samples are from the tropical zone and from locations that were originally forested.