Table 2.

Clinical characteristics of mothers and neonatal outcomes (N = 441)

Clinical characteristics	Number	Percent
Number of fetuses
1	402	91.2
2	39	8.8
Gestational age	N = 366
< 38 weeks	59	16.1
38–42 weeks	284	77.6
> 42 weeks	23	6.3
Duration of contractions prior to admission	N = 279
≤ 12 h	83	29.7
13–24 h	113	40.5
> 24 h	83	29.8
Fetal heart rate at admission (bpm)	N = 429
< 120	59	13.8
120–160	352	82.1
> 160	18	4.2
Maternal blood pressure at admission (SBP/DBP)	N = 397
Hypotensive (<90/<50)	2	0.5
Normal (90–140/50–90)	368	92.7
Hypertensive (>140/>90)	27	6.8
Oxygen saturation on admission	N = 216
Low saturation (≤94%)	7	3.2
Normal saturation (>94%)	209	96.8
Hemoglobin level (grams/deciliter)	N = 285
Low (<12)	48	16.8
Normal (12–16)	231	81.1
Above range (>16)	6	2.1
History of prior cesarean section	N = 349
No	220	63.0
Yes	129	37.0
Indications for cesarean section
Fetal distress	141	32.0
Prolonged labor	135	30.6
Prior cesarean section	129	29.3
Malpresentation	108	24.5
Cephalopelvic disproportion	69	15.6
Prolonged rupture of membranes	46	7.9
Placenta previa	21	4.8
Intra-uterine rupture	7	1.6
Cord prolapse	6	1.4
Preeclampsia	6	1.4
Abruption placenta	5	1.1
Number of indications per woman
Single indications	238	54.0
2 indications	179	40.6
3+ indications	24	5.4
Severity of cesarean indication
Very severe indicationa	180	40.8
Severe indicationb	261	59.2
Neonatal clinical outcome
Alive and APGAR ≥ 7	401	91.0
Died, or APGAR < 7	40	9.0

SBP Systolic blood pressure

DBP Diastolic blood pressure

^aVery severe indication was defined as intrauterine rupture, fetal distress, cord prolapse, and abruptio placentae

^bSevere indication was defined as preeclampsia, prolonged rupture of membranes, cephalo-pelvic disproportion, prolonged labor and mal-presentation