Table 1.
Descriptive Characteristics of Mothers by Household Food Insecurity Status in Beirut, Lebanon, 2015 (n = 378)
| Total Sample (n = 378) | Food Secure (n = 187) |
Food Insecure (n = 191) |
Crude ORa
(95% CI) |
Adjusted ORb
(95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Socio-demographic Characteristics | |||||
| Mean ± SD | OR (95% CI) | ||||
| Number of Children | 2.7 ± 1.1 | 2.7 ± 1.0 | 2.8 ± 1.2 | 1.09 (0.92, 1.31) | 0.90 (0.70, 1.16) |
| Mother’s age (years) | 39.7 ± 7.7 | 39.2 ± 7.5 | 40.3 ± 7.9 | 1.02 (0.99, 1.05) | 1.03 (0.99,1.06) |
| N (%) | |||||
| Household Monthly Income (L.L)c | |||||
| < 1,000,000 (reference) | 119 (31.5) | 21 (11.5) | 98 (52.4) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 1,000,000–2000,000 | 146 (38.6) | 73 (39.9) | 73 (39.0) | 0.21 (0.12, 0.38) | 0.27 (0.15, 0.51) |
| > 2000–0000 | 105 (28.4) | 89 (48.6) | 16 (8.6) | 0.04 (0.02, 0.08) | 0.07 (0.03, 0.15) |
| p-for-trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| Crowding Index | |||||
| < 2 person per room (reference) | 330 (87.3) | 175 (93.6) | 155 (81.2) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| > = 2 person per room | 48 (12.7) | 12 (6.4) | 36 (18.8) | 3.39 (1.70, 6.74) | 2.18 (0.89, 5.32) |
| p-for-trend | <0.001 | ||||
| Spouse’s Employment Status | |||||
| Unemployed (reference) | 14 (3.8) | 2 (1.1) | 12 (6.6) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Employee/Self-employed | 350 (96.2) | 181 (98.9) | 169 (93.4) | 0.16 (0.03, 0.71) | 0.33 (0.06, 1.67) |
| p-for-trend | <0.01 | ||||
| Mother’s Employment Status | |||||
| Unemployed/ Homemaker (reference) | 267 (70.8) | 113 (60.8) | 154 (80.6) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Employee/ Self-employed | 110 (29.2) | 73 (39.2) | 37 (19.4) | 0.37 (0.23, 0.59) | 0.80 (0.43, 1.49) |
| p-for-trend | <0.001 | ||||
| Spouse’s Education Level | |||||
| Intermediate school or less (reference) | 188 (49.7) | 66 (35.9) | 122 (66.7) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| High school or technical diploma | 105 (27.8) | 64 (34.8) | 41 (22.4) | 0.35 (0.22, 0.57) | 0.60 (0.32, 1.11) |
| University degree | 74 (19.6) | 54 (29.3) | 20 (10.9) | 0.20 (0.11, 0.36) | 0.92 (0.42, 2.04) |
| p-for-trend | <0.001 | ||||
| Mother’s Education Level | |||||
| Intermediate school or less (reference) | 161 (42.6) | 50 (26.7) | 111 (58.1) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| High school or technical diploma | 128 (33.9) | 68 (36.4) | 60 (31.4) | 0.40 (0.25, 0.64) | 0.76 (0.42, 1.40) |
| University degree | 89 (23.5) | 69 (36.9) | 21 (10.5) | 0.13 (0.07, 0.24) | 0.35 (0.16, 0.75) |
| p-for-trend | <0.001 | <0.01 | |||
P-values for entries that were in boldface and significant were added for binary variables including crowding index, spouse's employment status, and mother's employment status
-Odds Ratio is significant at a p-value < 0.05.
a Crude OR refers to unadjusted odds ratio of food insecurity among study sample
b Adjusted OR refers to odds ratio of food insecurity after adjusting for all other socio-demographic variables
c Currency rate: 1$ = 1500 L,L