Table 4.
Nutrient Intakes among Mothers by Household Food Insecurity Status in Beirut, Lebanon, 2015 (n = 378)
| DRIs | Intake/day Mean ± SE | % Consuming (<2/3 DRIs) c | OR d (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calcium (mg) | 1000–1300 mg | |||
| Food Secure | 532.6 ± 28.9 a | 72.7 | 1.00 | |
| Food Insecure | 416.5 ± 22.7 b | 83.8 | 1.82 (0.82–4.06) | |
| Sodium (mg) | 1200–1500 mg | |||
| Food Secure | 1536.4 ± 71.5 | 35.8 | 1.00 | |
| Food Insecure | 1513.1 ± 78.0 | 38.2 | 0.96 (0.58–1.57) | |
| Potassium (mg) | 4700 mg | |||
| Food Secure | 1777.0 ± 72.1 a | 90.4 | 1.00 | |
| Food Insecure | 1503.6 ± 79.2 b | 93.2 | 2.01 (1.23–3.29) | |
| 0.005 | ||||
| Iron (mg) | 8–18 | |||
| Food Secure | 8.8 ± 0.4 | 77.5 | 1.00 | |
| Food Insecure | 8.6 ± 0.5 | 77.5 | 0.70 (0.34–1.45) | |
| Zinc (mg) | 9–8 mg | |||
| Food Secure | 5.5 ± 0.3 | 57.2 | 1.00 | |
| Food Insecure | 5.5 ± 0.3 | 61.8 | 0.89 (0.49–1.61) | |
| Folate (μg) | 400 μg | |||
| Food Secure | 231.2 ± 15.1 | 71.1 | 1.00 | |
| Food Insecure | 192.0 ± 13.3 | 78.5 | 2.12 (1.04–4.33) | |
| 0.038 | ||||
| Phosphorous (mg) | 700–1250 mg | |||
| Food Secure | 647.0 ± 25.0 | 33.7 | 1.00 | |
| Food Insecure | 585.6 ± 31.2 | 47.1 | 1.60 (0.93–2.76) | |
| Magnesium (mg) | 310–360 mg | |||
| Food Secure | 187.8 ± 7.7 | 66.3 | 1.00 | |
| Food Insecure | 169.5 ± 9.6 | 78.5 | 1.32 (0.61–2.84) | |
| Selenium (μg) | 55 μg | |||
| Food Secure | 55.1 ± 3.0 | 35.3 | 1.00 | |
| Food Insecure | 50.2 ± 2.5 | 40.8 | 1.00 (0.61–1.61) | |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 65-75 mg | |||
| Food Secure | 66.9 ± 4.8 a | 52.9 | 1.00 | |
| Food Insecure | 53.6 ± 4.7 b | 67.0 | 1.59 (1.00–2.53) | |
| 0.049 | ||||
| VitaminA (μg) | 700 μg | |||
| Food Secure | 571.8 ± 42.4 | 55.1 | 1.00 | |
| Food Insecure | 482.8 ± 40.7 | 63.9 | 1.24 (0.77–1.99) | |
| Vitamin D(μg) | 15–20 μg | |||
| Food Secure | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 99.5 | --- | |
| Food Insecure | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 98.4 | --- | |
| Vitamin B1 mg | 1.0–1.1 mg | |||
| Food Secure | 0.8 ± 0.0 | 49.2 | 1.00 | |
| Food Insecure | 0.8 ± 0.0 | 55.8 | 1.58 (0.86–2.93) | |
| VitaminB2 (mg) | 1.0–1.1 mg | |||
| Food Secure | 0.895 ± 0.04 | 43.8 | 1.00 | |
| Food Insecure | 0.829 ± 0.04 | 52.6 | 1.28 (0.75–2.20) | |
| Vitamin B3 (mg) | 14 mg | |||
| Food Secure | 12.2 ± 0.7 | 47.3 | 1.00 | |
| Food Insecure | 10.7 ± 0.6 | 53.4 | 1.41 (0.84–2.39) | |
| VitaminB6 (mg) | 1.2–1.5 | |||
| Food Secure | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 50.8 | 1.00 | |
| Food Insecure | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 64.4 | 2.05 (1.15–3.65) | |
| 0.015 | ||||
| Vitamin B12 (μg) | 2.4μg | |||
| Food Secure | 6.0 ± 2.6 | 66.8 | 1.00 | |
| Food Insecure | 4.6 ± 1.5 | 68.4 | 0.90 (0.55–1.48) |
a,b Values with different superscripts are significantly different p < 0.05 using T Test for comparison of mean intake per day and percentage of subjects consuming less than two thirds of the recommendations
c Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) refers to the Recommended Daily Intake (RDA) and Adequate Intake (AI) for nutrients as recommended by the Institute of Medicine [45]
d Odds ratio was adjusted for total daily energy intake