Table 3.
Estimates of hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of persistent diarrhoea recovery
| Characteristic | Children aged ≤6 month | Children aged >6 month | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted HRa (95% CI) | p-value | Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted HRa (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Age in month | 0.96 (0.83, 1.11) | 0.569 | 1.04 (1.01, 1.07) | 0.004 | 1.05 (1.02, 1.09) | 0.003 | ||
| Child sex, Female | 0.98 (0.67, 1.44) | 0.911 | 1.32 (1.03, 1.68) | 0.028 | 1.41 (1.09, 1.84) | 0.009 | ||
| Still breastfeeding | 0.86 (0.58, 1.25) | 0.425 | 0.97 (0.76, 1.25) | 0.829 | ||||
| Drinking water, Supply water | 0.91 (0.58, 1.42) | 0.680 | 1.67 (0.84, 1.61) | 0.347 | ||||
| Residence type, Slum | 0.83 (0.30, 2.27) | 0.718 | 0.92 (0.54, 1.58) | 0.774 | ||||
| Severe underweight | 0.80 (0.55, 1.17) | 0.245 | 0.86 (0.65, 1.14) | 0.302 | ||||
| Severe stunting | 0.46 (0.27, 0.80) | 0.006 | 0.43 (0.22, 0.83) | 0.011 | 1.02 (0.68, 1.52) | 0.926 | ||
| Severe wasting | 0.67 (0.43, 1.03) | 0.070 | 0.58 (0.36, 0.95) | 0.030 | 0.70 (0.52, 0.95) | 0.022 | 0.76 (0.54, 1.06) | 0.107 |
| Dehydration | 1.07 (0.75, 1.53) | 0.696 | 0.78 (0.62, 0.99) | 0.043 | 0.95 (0.73, 1.23) | 0.684 | ||
| Co-morbidity condition | ||||||||
| None | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||
| Hospital acquired infection | 0.16 (0.05, 0.48) | 0.001 | 0.20 (0.07, 0.58) | 0.003 | 0.40 (0.25, 0.66) | <0.001 | 0.43 (0.27, 0.67) | 0.001 |
| Pneumonia | 0.46 (0.23, 0.94) | 0.034 | 0.63 (0.28, 1.40) | 0.256 | 0.66 (0.45, 0.96) | 0.032 | 0.73 (0.49, 1.08) | 0.115 |
| URTI | 1.44 (0.78, 2.67) | 0.250 | 2.30 (1.17, 4.53) | 0.016 | 1.25 (0.74, 2.11) | 0.396 | 1.64 (0.95, 2.84) | 0.077 |
| UTI | 0.69 (0.34, 1.43) | 0.324 | 1.15 (0.54, 2.49) | 0.714 | 0.95 (0.61, 1.48) | 0.818 | 1.14 (0.70, 1.87) | 0.597 |
| Othersb | 0.90 (0.32, 2.52) | 0.842 | 1.91 (0.62, 5.90) | 0.262 | 0.73 (0.36, 1.51) | 0.402 | 0.80 (0.38, 1.70) | 0.563 |
| WBC status, Abnormal | 1.26 (0.79, 2.00) | 0.335 | 1.08 (0.76, 1.53) | 0.668 | ||||
| Neutrophil statusc | ||||||||
| Low (<40%) | 1.79 (1.22, 2.61) | 0.003 | 1.56 (0.88, 2.75) | 0.125 | 1.48 (1.16, 1.89) | 0.001 | 1.30 (0.88, 1.93) | 0.191 |
| High (>70%) | 2.28 (0.31, 16.74) | 0.417 | 6.20 (0.32, 120.21) | 0.228 | 0.69 (0.32, 1.49) | 0.349 | 1.58 (0.42, 5.95) | 0.496 |
| Lymphocyte statusc | ||||||||
| Low (<20%) | 1.52 (0.36, 6.40) | 0.568 | 0.46 (0.06, 3.63) | 0.458 | 0.65 (0.35, 1.22) | 0.180 | 0.57 (0.19, 1.67) | 0.302 |
| High (>45%) | 1.45 (0.96, 2.19) | 0.077 | 1.00 (0.54, 1.87) | 0.993 | 1.35 (1.04, 1.74) | 0.022 | 1.19 (0.79, 1.78) | 0.411 |
| Invasive diarrhoea | 1.07 (0.52, 2.21) | 0.853 | 1.11 (0.69, 1.80) | 0.659 | ||||
| Urine pus cells, Abnormal | 0.81 (0.46, 1.41) | 0.450 | 0.81 (0.58, 1.14) | 0.222 | ||||
| Urine protein, Abnormal | 0.79 (0.55, 1.12) | 0.187 | 0.89 (0.60, 1.31) | 0.560 | 0.79 (0.63, 1.00) | 0.054 | 1.18 (0.90, 1.53) | 0.228 |
| Any pathogen detected | 0.96 (0.53, 1.74) | 0.883 | 0.75 (0.51, 1.09) | 0.134 | ||||
| Antibiotic used | 0.81 (0.53, 1.25) | 0.345 | 0.39 (0.29, 0.53) | <0.001 | 0.40 (0.28, 0.56) | <0.001 | ||
aOnly variables associated with persistent diarrhoea recovery rate at the level of p < 0.2 in bivariate analyses were included in adjusted model
bOthers means Abscess/ Amoebiasis/ Septicaemia/ Tuberculosis/ Typhoid
cBain BJ. The peripheral blood smear. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Cecil Medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2011:chap 160.