. 2017 Jun 12;16:113. doi: 10.1186/s12944-017-0504-8

Table 3.

Changes in biochemical parameters after 16 weeks of intervention

Biochemical parameters	Cinnamon group (n = 58)	Placebo group (n = 58)	Difference between Means (95% CI)	P value ^a
Intention to treat analysis
FBG (mmol/L)
Baseline	5.7 ± 0.6	5.6 ± 0.5	−0.1(− 0.2, 0.1)	0.485
16 weeks
Unadjusted	5.2 ± 0.3	5.5 ± 0.4	0.3 (0.1, 0.4)	0.001*
Adjusted	5.2 ± 0.3	5.5 ± 0.4	0.3 (0.2, 0.5) ^b	0.001*
Per protocol analysis
FBG (mmol/L)
	(n = 52)	(n = 51)
Baseline	5.7 ± 0.6	5.6 ± 0.5	−0.1 (− 0.3, 0.1)	0.528
16 weeks
Unadjusted	5.2 ± 0.3	5.5 ± 0.4	0.3 (0.1, 0.4)	0.001*
Adjusted	5.2 ± 0.3	5.5 ± 0.4	0.4 (0.2, 0.5) ^b	0.001*
Intention to treat analysis
HbA1c (mmol/mol)
Baseline	43.7 ± 5.4	42.4 ± 6.07	−1.3 (−3.3, 0.8)	0.250
16 weeks
Unadjusted	39.6 ± 5.01	42.5 ± 6.8	2.9 (0.6, 5.08)	0.011*
Adjusted	39.6 ± 5.01	42.5 ± 6.8	2.6 (0.4, 4.9) ^b	0.023*
PPG (mmol/L)
Baseline	7.4 ± 1.6	7.3 ± 1.4	−0.1 (−0.6, 0.4)	0.727
16 weeks
Unadjusted	6.9 ± 1.4	7.4 ± 1.4	0.5 (−0.01, 1.06)	0.055*
Adjusted	6.9 ± 1.4	7.4 ± 1.4	0.6 (0.1, 1.2) ^b	0.030*
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)
Baseline	5.23 ± 0.71	5.05 ± 0.94	−0.17 (− 0.48, 0.13)	0.259
16 weeks
Unadjusted	4.68 ± 0.64	5.09 ± 0.92	0.41 (0.10, 0.69)	0.007*
Adjusted	4.68 ± 0.64	5.09 ± 0.92	0.42 (0.12, 0.73) ^b	0.006*
Serum Triglycerides (mmol/L)
Baseline	1.97 ± 0.44	1.91 ± 0.48	−0.06 (−0.23, 0.10)	0.468
16 weeks
Unadjusted	1.65 ± 0.39	1.93 ± 0.47	0.28 (0.11, 0.43)	0.001*
Adjusted	1.65 ± 0.39	1.93 ± 0.47	0.20 (0.05, 0.35) ^b	0.010*
HDL (mmol/L)
Baseline	0.97 ± 0.15	0.96 ± 0.23	−0.003 (−0.07, 0.06)	0.922
16 weeks
Unadjusted	1.02 ± 0.15	0.94 ± 0.22	0.08 (0.01, 0.15)	0.024*
Adjusted	1.02 ± 0.15	0.94 ± 0.22	0.08 (0.005, 0.15) ^b	0.035*
LDL (mmol/L)
Baseline	3.46 ± 0.60	3.29 ± 0.68	- 0.16 (−0.40, 0.07)	0.178
16 weeks
Unadjusted	3.01 ± 0.58	3.33 ± 0.66	0.32 (0.09, 0.55)	0.006*
Adjusted	3.01 ± 0.58	3.33 ± 0.66	0.37 (0.13, 0.60) ^b	0.003*
LDL: HDL
Baseline	3.62 ± 0.79	3.55 ± 0.98	- 0.07 (−0.40, 0.25)	0.641
16 weeks
Unadjusted	2.97 ± 0.68	3.66 ± 0.98	0.69 (0.37,0.99)	0.001*
Adjusted	2.97 ± 0.68	3.66 ± 0.98	0.72 (0.40, 1.04) ^b	0.001*
hs- CRP^c
Baseline	2.8 (2.33–3.30)	2.4 (1.98–2.86)	-	0.255
16 weeks	2.5 (2.03–2.94)	2.6 (2.21–3.09)	-	0.382

CI confidence interval, FBG fasting blood glucose, HbA1c glycosylated haemoglobin, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL–C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL: HDL low-density lipoprotein cholesterol high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, PPG postprandial blood sugar

^a Intervention versus placebo

^b Difference between placebo and cinnamon groups adjusted for BMI using analysis of covariance

^cValues depicted as geometric mean (95%CI)

*p value <0.05