Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the 9792 Study Patients and Propensity Score Matching
| Entire Cohort | Propensity Matched Cohort | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No LAAc | LAAc | P Value | No LAAc | LAAc | P Value | |
| N | 9323 | 469 | 461 | 461 | ||
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age, y | 65.6±13.7 | 67.6±12.8 | 0.002 | 67.6±13.5 | 67.4±12.7 | 0.68 |
| Sex | 0.001 | 0.54 | ||||
| Female, n(%) | 2940 (32) | 181 (39) | 1269 (33) | 178 (39) | ||
| Male, n(%) | 6383 (68) | 288 (61) | 292 (63) | 283 (61) | ||
| BMI, mean, kg/m2 | 28.8±5.7 | 27.1±5.6 | <0.001 | 27.2±5.6 | 27.2±5.7 | 0.85 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.27±0.59 | 1.25±0.52 | 0.52 | 1.28±0.57 | 1.25±0.53 | 0.71 |
| LVEF, mean±SD | 56.5±13.8 | 58.4± 12.3 | 0.01 | 58.3±13.6 | 58.4±12.4 | 0.60 |
| History variables, n(%) | ||||||
| Hypertension | 6293 (67) | 275 (59) | <0.001 | 279 (61) | 270 (59) | 0.55 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 2150 (23) | 65 (14) | <0.001 | 76 (16) | 62 (13) | 0.20 |
| Dyslipidemia | 6818 (73) | 275 (59) | <0.001 | 277 (60) | 270 (59) | 0.64 |
| History of AF | 1334 (14) | 225 (48) | <0.001 | 207 (45) | 217 (47) | 0.51 |
| Prior stroke | 587 (6) | 33 (7) | 0.52 | 32 (7) | 33 (7) | 0.90 |
| Previous MI | 2295 (25) | 55 (12) | <0.001 | 58 (13) | 54 (12) | 0.69 |
| CHF | 1617 (17) | 131 (28) | <0.001 | 134 (29) | 123 (27) | 0.42 |
| Smoker | 5469 (59) | 223 (48) | <0.001 | 210 (46) | 220 (48) | 0.51 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 1245 (13) | 34 (7) | <0.001 | 25 (5) | 34 (7) | 0.23 |
| Chronic lung disease | 1338 (14) | 70 (15) | 0.73 | 62 (13) | 66 (14) | 0.70 |
| Prior surgery | 1470 (16) | 35 (7) | <0.001 | 35 (8) | 35 (8) | 1.00 |
| Preoperative medications; n (%) | ||||||
| β-Blocker | 5562 (60) | 218 (46) | <0.001 | 201 (44) | 216 (47) | 0.32 |
| Antiarrhythmics | 523 (6) | 37 (8) | 0.04 | 41 (9) | 36 (8) | 0.55 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 2083 (22) | 90 (19) | 0.11 | 89 (19) | 88 (19) | 0.93 |
| Statin | 4740 (51) | 141 (30) | <0.001 | 222 (48) | 211 (46) | 0.47 |
| ACE-I or AR8 | 3942 (42) | 217 (46) | 0.07 | 141 (31) | 139 (30) | 0.89 |
| Digoxin, n (%) | 865 (9) | 111 (24) | <0.001 | 102 (22) | 105 (23) | 0.81 |
| Surgical data | ||||||
| Isolated CABG n (%) | 3922 (42) | 21 (4) | <0.001 | 10 (2) | 21 (5) | 0.05 |
| Aortic valve surgery (any, n (%)) | 2399 (26) | 54 (12) | 0.002 | 51 (11) | 54 (12) | 0.76 |
| Mitral valve surgery (any), n (%) | 1226 (13) | 295 (63) | <0.001 | 287 (62) | 287 (62) | 1.00 |
| Tricuspid valve surgery (any), n (%) | 147 (2) | 9 (2) | 0.56 | 14 (3) | 9 (2) | 0.29 |
| Pulmonary valve surgery (any), n (%) | 9 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0.50 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – |
| Combined CABG+valve or other, n (%) | 1620 (17) | 90 (19) | 0.31 | 99 (21) | 90 (20) | 0.46 |
| Perfusion time, min | 79.1±47.9 | 79.1±39.6 | 0.51 | 74.3±43.3 | 79.2±39.7 | 0.08 |
ACE-I indicates angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; AF, atrial fibrillation; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CHF, congestive heart failure; LAAc, left atrial appendage closure; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; and MI, myocardial infraction.