Table 6.
Univariable Cox Regression Analysis for Predicting Long-Term Mortality
| Covariates | Unmatched Cohort | Propensity-Matched cohort | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Demographics | ||||
| Age | 1.05 (1.05–1.05) | <0.001 | 1.07 (1.06–1.09) | <0.001 |
| Female, sex | 1.22 (1.15–1.30) | <0.001 | 1.14 (0.93–1.39) | 0.21 |
| BMI | 0.99 (0.98–0.99) | <0.001 | 1.00 (0.99–1.02) | 0.70 |
| Creatinine | 1.39 (1.35–1.43) | <0.001 | 1.43 (1.31–1.57) | <0.001 |
| LVEF | 0.98 (0.98–099) | <0.001 | 0.99 (0.97–0.99) | <0.001 |
| History variables | ||||
| Hypertension | 1.34 (1.25–1.43) | <0.001 | 1.39 (1.12–1.71) | 0.002 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.48 (1.38–1.58) | <0.001 | 2.01 (1.58–2.56) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 0.78 (0.73–0.83) | <0.001 | 0.96 (0.78–1.18) | 0.70 |
| History of AF | 1.96 (1.82–2.10) | <0.001 | 1.84 (1.51–2.25) | <0.001 |
| Prior stroke | 1.64 (1.47–1.82) | <0.001 | 1.72 (1.22–2.44) | 0.002 |
| Previous MI | 1.33 (1.24–1.42) | <0.001 | 1.74 (1.33–2.28) | <0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 2.30 (2.15–2.46) | <0.001 | 2.73 (2.22–3.35) | <0.001 |
| Smoker | 1.14 (1.07–1.21) | <0.001 | 1.09 (0.89–1.33) | 0.41 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 1.72 (1.59–1.86} | <0.001 | 1.74 (1.27–2.39) | 0.001 |
| Chronic lung disease | 1.90 (1.77–2.05) | <0.001 | 2.04 (1.59–2.62) | <0.001 |
| Prior surgery | 1.73 (1.61–1.87) | <0.001 | 1.75 (1.27–2.42) | 0.001 |
| Preoperative medications | ||||
| β-Blocker | 0.97 (0.91–1.03) | 0.30 | 1.09 (0.89–1.33) | 0.42 |
| Antiarrhythmics | 1.53 (1.36–1.72) | <0.001 | 0.95 (0.67–1.33) | 0.75 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 1.31 (1.22–1.40) | <0.001 | 1.13 (0.88–1.45) | 0.33 |
| Statin | 1.19 (1.12–1.26) | <0.001 | 1.16 (0.95–1.42) | 0.14 |
| ACE-I or ARB | 0.87 (0.82–0.92) | <0.001 | 0.96 (0.77–1.20) | 0.74 |
| Digoxin | 1.89 (1.74–2.06) | <0.001 | 1.57 (1.26–1.96) | <0.001 |
| Surgical data | ||||
| LAA closure | 1.12 (0.97–1.29) | 0.13 | 0.92 (0.76–1.13) | 0.43 |
| Isolated CABG | 0.71 (0.66–0.75) | <0.001 | 0.73 (0.41–1.30) | 0.28 |
| Aortic valve surgery | 1.15 (1.08–1.23) | <0.001 | 1.29 (0.99–1.68) | 0.06 |
| Mitral valve surgery | 0.90 (0.82–0.98) | 0.02 | 0.54 (0.44–0.66) | <0.001 |
| Tricuspid valve surgery | 2.09 (1.70–2.58) | <0.001 | 1.35 (0.78–2.34) | 0.29 |
| Pulmonary valve surgery | 0.78 (0.29–2.08) | 0.62 | – | – |
| Combined CABG+valve or other | 1.60 (1.48–1.73) | <0.001 | 2.09 (1.66–2.63) | <0.001 |
| Perfusion time, min | 1.003 (1.003–1.004) | <0.001 | 1.007 (1.005–1.009) | <0.001 |
ACE-I indicates angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; AF, atrial fibrillation; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; LAA. left atrial appendage; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction.