Table 7.
Backward Multivariable Cox Proportional Hazard Model for Predicting Long-Term Mortality
| Covariates | Unmatched Cohort | Propensity-Matched Cohort | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | |
| LAA closure | 0.94 (0.81–1.10) | 0.45 | 0.92 (0.75–1.13) | 0.43 |
| Age | 1.05 (1.04–1.05) | <0.001 | 1.07 (1.06–1.08) | <0.001 |
| Female, sex | 1.23 (1.15–1.32) | <0.001 | ||
| Creatinine | 1.33 (1.28–1.37) | <0.001 | 1.46 (1.29–1.65) | <0.001 |
| LVEF | 0.99 (0.98–0.99) | <0.001 | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) | 0.04 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.38 (1.28–1.47) | <0.001 | 1.49 (1.16–1.92) | 0.002 |
| Dyslipidemia | 0.79 (0.73–0.86) | <0.001 | ||
| History of AF | 1.17 (1.08–1.27) | <0.001 | ||
| Prior stroke | 1.36 (1.22–1.52) | <0.001 | ||
| Previous MI | 1.13 (1.05–1.21) | 0.002 | ||
| Congestive heart failure | 1.35 (1.25–1.46) | <0.001 | 1.71 (1.36–2.15) | <0.001 |
| Smoker | 1.23 (1.15–1.32) | <0.001 | ||
| Peripheral arterial disease | 1.40 (1.29–1.51) | <0.001 | ||
| Chronic lung disease | 1.47 (1.36–1.59) | <0.001 | 1.61 (1.25–2.06) | <0.001 |
| Prior surgery | 1.36 (1.26–1.47) | <0.001 | 1.44 (1.04–1.99) | 0.03 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 1.09 (1.02–1.17) | 0.01 | ||
| Statin | 0.93 (0.86–1.00) | 0.04 | ||
| Digoxin | 1.27 (1.16–1.40) | <0.001 | ||
| Aortic valve surgery | 1.17 (1.08–1.26) | <0.001 | ||
| Tricuspid valve surgery | 1.86 (1.49–2.32) | <0.001 | ||
| Combined CABG+valve or other | 1.67 (1.53–1.83) | <0.001 | 1.64 (1.29–2.07) | <0.001 |
| Perfusion time, min | 1.002 (1.002–1.003) | <0.001 | 1.005 (1.003–1.008) | <0.001 |
| C-Statistic | 0.73 | 0.76 | ||
AF, atrial fibrillation; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; LAA, left atrial appendage; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction.