FIGURE 2.

Overview of the tuberous sclerosis complex and mTOR pathway. Cellular stress, including ischemia, hypoxia, and low glucose, is sensed by AMP kinase (AMPK), which stimulates the TSC.²³ This complex has an inhibitory effect on the protein Rheb, which in turn activates the mTorc1 complex. MTorc1 stimulates two proteins, S6K1 and 4E-BP1/2, which both, through different mechanisms, result in an increase in protein synthesis