FIG 5.

Peripheral cytokine/chemokine expression levels in neonatal mice infected with CVA10 with severe disease and in mock-infected controls were compared. The levels of IFN-γ (A), IL-6 (B), IL-10 (C), IL-18 (D), IL-13 (E), and TNF-α (F) in plasma of 5-day-old ICR mice i.m. inoculated with lethal doses of TA151R (240 LD₅₀) at 1 to 7 dpi were determined using mouse ELISA detection kits. IL-1β and IL-4 expression was not detected (data not shown). The data are shown as means and standard deviations and are representative of the results of at least 3 independent experiments. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a Newman-Keuls multiple-comparison test was used to compare the cytokine expression levels of neonates with severe disease and those of mock-infected animals. ***, P < 0.001; n.s., not significant.