Table 3.

Multi-level Models Predicting College Student Functioning with Academic Time Across Days, Semesters, and Individuals

	Positive Affect				Negative Affect				Tiredness				Binge Drink
	Weekday		Weekend		Weekday		Weekend		Weekday		Weekend		Weekday		Weekend
	B	(SE)	B	(SE)	B	(SE)	B	(SE)	B	(SE)	B	(SE)	OR	(SE)	OR	(SE)

Fixed Effects
Academics
Daily	−0.010	(0.001) ***	−0.027	(0.003) ***	0.014	(0.001) ***	0.015	(0.002) ***	0.030	(0.003) ***	0.014	(0.005) **	1.036	(0.023)	0.842	(0.010) ***
Semester	0.019	(0.006) **	0.010	(0.007)	0.012	(0.005) **	0.012	(0.005) *	0.052	(0.011) ***	0.018	(0.013)	0.864	(0.050) *	0.936	(0.030) *
Individual	0.060	(0.019) **	0.061	(0.020) **	−0.020	(0.012)	−0.023	(0.013) ⁺	−0.015	(0.024)	−0.012	(0.025)	0.825	(0.078) *	0.869	(0.064) ⁺
Employment
Daily	−0.008	(0.002) ***	−0.009	(0.004) *	0.000	(0.002)	0.005	(0.003) ⁺	0.022	(0.004) ***	0.031	(0.006) ***	0.984	(0.046)	0.890	(0.018) ***
Semester	0.004	(0.007)	0.001	(0.009)	0.000	(0.006)	0.005	(0.006)	0.053	(0.012) ***	0.055	(0.014) ***	0.750	(0.061) ***	0.881	(0.036) **
Individual	−0.042	(0.038)	−0.037	(0.039)	−0.016	(0.024)	−0.014	(0.024)	−0.029	(0.045)	−0.011	(0.046)	0.873	(0.146)	0.833	(0.116)
Control Variables
Semester	0.010	(0.004) *	0.007	(0.004) ⁺	0.023	(0.003) ***	0.021	(0.003) ***	0.012	(0.008)	0.002	(0.008)	1.122	(0.032) ***	1.040	(0.019) *
Gender	0.105	(0.049) *	0.092	(0.050) ⁺	−0.025	(0.030)	−0.022	(0.030)	−0.190	(0.056) ***	−0.221	(0.056) ***	0.675	(0.126) *	0.577	(0.100) ***
Parent Ed	0.076	(0.054)	0.054	(0.055)	0.046	(0.033)	0.038	(0.033)	−0.027	(0.061)	0.073	(0.062)	1.843	(0.401) **	2.347	(0.457) ***
Constant	1.901	(0.084) ***	1.932	(0.087) ***	1.478	(0.052) ***	1.508	(0.052) ***	2.210	(0.098) ***	2.238	(0.099) ***	0.012	(0.004) ***	0.063	(0.019) ***
Random Effects
Slope	0.006	(0.001)	0.006	(0.001)	0.003	(0.000)	0.003	(0.000)	0.011	(0.002)	0.006	(0.002)	0.049	(0.018)	0.070	(0.011)
L3 intercept	0.375	(0.021)	0.384	(0.022)	0.137	(0.008)	0.133	(0.008)	0.420	(0.026)	0.404	(0.026)	2.390	(0.332)	3.865	(0.333)
L2 intercept	0.075	(0.003)	0.066	(0.004)	0.049	(0.002)	0.045	(0.002)	0.154	(0.007)	0.122	(0.010)	0.227	(0.135)	0.323	(0.059)
Residual Variance	0.224	(0.002)	0.297	(0.004)	0.129	(0.001)	0.139	(0.002)	0.593	(0.005)	0.652	(0.010)

Ndays, _{sem., people}	39805, 4373, 734		16156, 4297, 732		39789, 4373, 734		16150, 4297, 732		27457, 3037, 692		11155, 2984, 687		32145, 4392, 734		24101, 4328, 732
Deviance	62294.435		31269.902		40362.936		19443.374		68913.020		29853.317		5021.503		15200.122

For affect and tiredness models, weekend days are Saturdays or Sundays. For binge drinking models, weekend days are Thursdays, Fridays, and Saturdays. Bold indicates that the weekday coefficients differ significantly from the weekend coefficients.

SE = Standard Error. OR = Odds Ratios. Odds ratios greater than 1 indicate a direct association whereas odds ratios less than 1 indicate an inverse association. Ed = education. Sem = Semester.

Semester: Fall 2007 (1) through Fall 2011 (7).

+p<.1, *p<.05, **p<.01, ***p<.001