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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Heart Fail Clin. 2017 May 6;13(3):607–617. doi: 10.1016/j.hfc.2017.02.012

Table 1.

Physiologic similarities between normative aging and heart failure

Aginga Heart failure
Peak VO2 ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
Maximal stroke volume – or ↓ ↓ ↓
Maximal heart rate ↓ ↓
Maximal AV oxygen difference ↓↓ ↓↓
Skeletal muscle mass ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
Mitochondrial oxidative enzymes ↓↓↓
a

Between the third and ninth decades.

From Fleg JL. Can exercise conditioning be effective in older heart failure patients? Heart Failure Rev 2002;7(1):99–103; with permission.