Table 2.

Randomized controlled trials of ET in older patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction

Authors	n	Mean age	Women (%)	Duration	Mode	Benefits
Austin, et al [51]	200	72	34	24 weeks	Aerobic resistance	↑6MWD 16% ↓NYHA Class; 16% [QOL
Antonicelli, et al [52]*	138	77	43	6 months	Cycle	↑6MWD 33%, ↑QOL, ↓BNP
Witham, et al [53]	107	80	35	24 weeks	Walk/resistance	No Δ 6MWD or QOL
Gottlieb, et al [48]	33	65	12	6 months	Cycle/treadmill	↑Peak VO2 – 13% ↑6-min walk – 11% No Δ – QOL
McKelvie, et al [50]	181	65	19	12 months	Cycle/resistance	No Δ 6MWD ↑Peak VO2 – 14% NoΔ – QOL
Owen, et al [49]	22	81	25	12 weeks	Aerobic/resistance	↑6-min walk – 11% No Δ – QOL
Pu, et al [71]	16	77	100	10 weeks	Resistance	↑Strength – 43% ↑6 min walk – 13% No Δ – Peak VO2
Selig, et al [70]	39	65	15	3 months	Resistance	↑Peak VO2 – 11% ↑FBF 20% ↑HRV
Wielenga, et al [47]	67	64	None	12 weeks	Walk/cycle	No Δ– Peak VO2
Willenheimer, et al [46]	54	64	28	16 weeks	Cycle	↑QOL No Δ – Peak VO2,

Abbreviations: FBF, forearm blood flow; HRV, heart rate variability; QOL, quality of life; 6MWD, 6-minute walk distance; Δ, change.

^*37% of the 373 patients had LV ejection fraction <40%