Table.
Characteristics and Genes Involved in Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs).
| CSC Characteristic | Genes Involved |
|---|---|
| Cell surface markers | CD44 |
| CD10 | |
| CD98 | |
| CD271 | |
| CD166 | |
| Cell differentiation | WNT |
| CTNNB1 | |
| NOTCH1 | |
| SHH | |
| Cell proliferation | JAK |
| STAT3 | |
| AKT1 | |
| MAPK | |
| ERK | |
| Embryonic transcription factors | SOX2 |
| OCT4 (POU5F1) | |
| NANOG | |
| Epithelial to mesenchymal transition | TGFB1 |
| SNAI1 | |
| TWIST1 | |
| BMI1 | |
| CTGF | |
| SHH | |
| Chemoradiation resistance | ABCG |
| MDR1 | |
| CHEK1/2 | |
| GRP78 | |
| SOD2 | |
| CAT | |
| Antiapoptotic mechanisms | BCL2 |
| IAP | |
| Hypoxic microenvironment | HIF1A |
| VEGF |
CSCs have specific phenotypes and genetic profiles that separate them from the remaining tumor cell population. Key CSC characteristics and corresponding involved genes are listed.