Table 1.
Summary of instruments used to measure fatigue, depression, anxiety and subjective sleep quality
| Reference | RRT | Fatigue | Depression | Anxiety | Subjective sleep quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) Bai et al. [31] | HD | Lin’s Fatigue scale [43] | CES-D | ||
| (2) Bossola et al. [44] | HD | SF-36 vitality | BDI | HARS | Athens Insomnia Scale |
| (3) Bossola et al. [45] | HD | SF-36 vitality | BDI | HARS | |
| (4) Bossola et al. [46] | HD | SF-36 vitality | BDI | ||
| (5)Bossola et al. [47] | HD | Six closed questions, pertaining to the domains of general tiredness, emotional tiredness, cognitive tiredness, sleepiness, weakness and lack of energy | GDS | ||
| (6) Bossola et al. [48] | HD | SF-36 vitality | BDI | HARS | |
| (7) Cardenas and Kutner [49] | HD & PD | VAS-F | SDS | ||
| (8) Chan et al. [29] | Tx | MFI-20 | HADS-D | HADS-A | PSQI |
| (9) Chen et al. [50] | HD | SF-36 vitality & CFQ | HADS-D | HADS-A | |
| (10) Chilcot et al. [33] | HD | CFQ | HADS-D | HADS-A | |
| (11) DePasquale et al. [51] | HD | SF-36 vitality | SCL-90 R-Depression | SCL-90 R-Anxiety | |
| (12) Dubin et al. [52] | HD | Two closed questions around fatigue after dialysis sessions. Severe PDF was defined as a ‘yes’ answer to the latter question. | Deemed depressed if: (i) diagnosis of depression, mood disorder in medical history, or (ii) prescribed antidepressants. | ||
| (13) Garcia et al. [53] | HD | SF-36 vitality | HDRS | ||
| (14) García-Llana et al. [14] | HD | SF-36 vitality | BDI | STAI | |
| (15) Goedendorp et al. [32] | Tx | CIS | BDI-PC | Sleeping problems were assessed using the subscale sleep/rest of the SIP | |
| (16) Jhamb et al. [15] | HD & PD | SF-36 vitality | Antidepressants | Benzodiazepines | Three items assess sleep initiation (‘Have trouble falling asleep?’), sleep maintenance (‘Awaken during sleep and have trouble falling asleep again?’) and sleep adequacy (‘Get enough sleep to feel rested upon waking in the morning?’). |
| (17) Jhamb et al. [16] | HD | SF-36 vitality | KDQoL sleep quality and sleeping pills | ||
| (18) Jhamb et al. [35] | Pre-dialysis, HD & PD | FACIT-F | PHQ-9 | PSQI | |
| (19) Joshwa et al. [54] | HD | FSS | BDI | PSQI | |
| (20) Kalender et al. [55] | CKD conservative management, HD & CAPD | SF-36 vitality | BDI | ||
| (21) Karakan et al. [56] | HD | PFS | BDI | ||
| (22) Kim and Son [40] | HD | VAS-F | SDS | ||
| (23) Koyama et al. [18] | HD | Fatigue Scale (developed by Fukuda et al. [57]) | KDQoL sleep quality | ||
| (24) Leinau et al. [58] | HD | BFI | PHQ-9 | ||
| (25) Letchmi et al. [30] | HD | MFI-20 | DASS 21 | DASS 21 | |
| (26) Lin et al. [59] | CAPD | SF-36 vitality and presence or absence of fatigue was studied according to the monthly clinical records of the primary nurses | BDI | ||
| (27) Liu [26] | HD | Mandarin Chinese Fatigue Assess Scale (Chung [60]) | Taiwanese Depression Questionnaire | ||
| (28) Lobbedez et al. [42] | HD & PD | MFI-20 | GDS | ||
| (29) Martínez-Sanchis et al. [61] | HD, CAPD, & Tx | SF-36 vitality | HADS-D | HADS-A | PSQI |
| (30) Martins et al. [62] | HD | SF-36 vitality | Cognitive-Somatic Anxiety Scale (Silva et al. [63]) | ||
| (31) McCann and Boore [41] | HD | MFI-20, VAS-F, SF-36 vitality | HADS-D | HADS-A | Overall Sleep Problems Index |
| (32) Oliveira et al. [64] | HD | SF-36 vitality | BDI | ||
| (33) Rodrigue et al. [34] | Pre- and post-Tx | FSI & MFI-20 | PSQI | ||
| (34) Santos [65] | HD | SF-36 vitality | CES-D | ||
| (35) Sayin et al. [28] | HD, PD, & Tx | SF-36 vitality | BDI | STAI | |
| (36) Senol et al. [12] | PD | FSS, SF-36 vitality | BDI | ||
| (37) Sklar et al. [66] | HD | Patients were regarded to suffer from PDF if they spontaneously offered this complaint when asked the open-ended question, ‘Do you feel better or worse after dialysis? If worse, please specify in which way(s)’. A complaint of fatigue would then be probed further with questions directed at its duration, frequency, and intensity, allowing for the creation of a fatigue index (one third of the sum of these three parameters, each rated from 1 to 5). | BDI | ||
| (38) Taskapan et al. [67] | HD | SF-36 vitality | HDRS | HARS | |
| (39) Unruh et al. [68] | HD & PD | SF-36 vitality | Three items assess sleep initiation (‘Have trouble falling asleep?’), sleep maintenance (‘Awaken during sleep and have trouble falling asleep again?’), and sleep adequacy (‘Get enough sleep to feel rested upon waking in the morning?’). | ||
| (40) Vazquez et al. [69] | HD | SF-36 vitality | BDI | STAI-S | |
| (41) Wang et al. [70] | HD | FACIT-F | HADS-D | ||
| (42) Wang et al. [71] | HD | FACIT-F | HADS-D | HADS-A | PSQI |
| (43) Wang et al. [72] | HD | FACIT-F | PSQI | ||
| (44) Williams et al. [73] | HD | VAS-F | HADS-D | HADS-A |
HD, haemodialysis; PD, peritoneal dialysis; Tx, transplant; CAPD, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis; CES-D, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; HARS, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; VAS-F, fatigue visual analogue scale; SDS, Self-Rating Depression Scale; MFI-20: Multi-dimensional Fatigue Inventory; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; CFQ, Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire; SCL-90 R, Symptom Checklist-90-Revised; PDF, post-dialysis fatigue; HDRS, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; STAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; CIS, Checklist Individual Strength; BDI-PC, Beck Depression Inventory–Primary Care; FACIT-F, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue; PHQ-9, The Patient Health Questionnaire; FSS, Fatigue Severity Scale; PFS, Piper Fatigue Scale; DASS 21, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale; KDQoL, The Kidney Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire; FSI, Fatigue Symptom Inventory; BFI, Brief Fatigue Inventory; SIP, Sickness Impact Profile 8.