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. 2017 Jun 15;28(12):1676–1687. doi: 10.1091/mbc.E16-12-0863

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© 2017 Bottanelli et al. This article is distributed by The American Society for Cell Biology under license from the author(s). Two months after publication it is available to the public under an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0).

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FIGURE 2: — ARF1 GTPase activity is required for the formation of Golgi-derived tubules. ARF1^EN-Halo cells (magenta) were electroporated with plasmids encoding for (a) ARF1-GFP and for ARF1-Q71L-GFP (green) at (b) low and (c) high expression levels. (a, b) Examples of tubules are highlighted by arrows. (d) Cells expressing low levels of ARF1-Q71L-GFP show a significant increase in the length of tubules. Result of a two-tailed, unpaired t test.***p < 0.001 (ARF1-GFP, 13 cells; ARF1-Q71L-GFP, 20 cells). (e) When the mean GFP fluorescence at the Golgi of ARF1-Q71L-GFP reaches a certain threshold (86 A.U.), the frequency of tubules drops drastically. Data points from 20 different time-lapse experiments were fitted to a sigmoidal curve (ARF1-Q71L-GFP). (f) No change in frequency of the tubules is observed when ARF1-GFP is overexpressed (13 time-lapse experiments). Error bars represent SD. Scale bars, 10 μm.