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. 2017 Jun 15;28(12):1676–1687. doi: 10.1091/mbc.E16-12-0863

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© 2017 Bottanelli et al. This article is distributed by The American Society for Cell Biology under license from the author(s). Two months after publication it is available to the public under an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0).

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FIGURE 8: — ARF1 tubules represent a major membrane flow out of the Golgi. ARF1-dependent retrograde and anterograde tubules are tightly packed with ARF1^EN-Halo and contain the cargoes KDEL receptor and VSV G, respectively. Clusters of coat proteins (clathrin and coatomer) are observed on the tubules. Retrograde tubules account for a flow of membranes of ∼360 μm²/h, ∼7% of the flow necessary for membrane balance, if one takes into account the anterograde flow of COPII vesicles (∼6000 μm²/h) and the growth of Golgi and post-Golgi membranes (∼500 μm²/h). Anterograde tubules account for ∼900 μm²/h, approximately threefold of what is needed for plasma membrane (PM) growth (∼340 μm²/h). MTOC, microtubule-organizing center.