Table 2.

Isothiocyanate levels in synovial fluid and plasma.

Outcome	Low glucosinolate Mean (95%CI)	High glucosinolate Mean (95%CI)	p-value
ITC synovial fluid (nM)	n.d	496.6 (419.10 to 574.20)	—
ITC plasma (fold change)	0.90 (0.68 to 1.12)	2.20 (1.45 to 2.92)	<0.0001
SFN plasma (change)	0.02 (−0.01 to 0.04)	0.32 (0.2 to 0.44)	<0.0001
ITC plasma (µM) baseline	1.71 (1.10 to 2.33)	1.17 (0.69 to 1.64)	—
ITC plasma (µM) post intervention	1.36 (0.86 to 1.87)	2.22 (1.19 to 3.24)	—
SFN plasma (µM) baseline	n.d	0.004 (−0.004 to 0.012	—
SFN plasma (µM) post intervention	0.02 (−0.005 to 0.04)	0.32 (0.20 to 0.44)	—

Total isothiocyanates (ITCs) measured in synovial fluid and plasma, and the specific metabolite sulforaphane (SFN) measured in plasma from low and high glucosinolate groups. Fold change: post intervention/baseline, Change: post intervention – baseline, low glucosinolate n = 20, high glucosinolate n = 17, n.d – not detected. Mean values with 95% confidence intervals and p-values are given.