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. 2017 Jun 13;7:3416. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-03584-1

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Photophysical properties of 1–5 in solution and solvent-free liquid state. (a) Normalized UV-vis absorption (solid lines) and fluorescence (dashed lines) spectra of 1–5 in solution (black) (UV-vis: 10 μM; fluorescence: 1 μM) and solvent-free liquid state (red) at 25 °C. Solvent: 2, n-hexane; others, dichloromethane. The liquid samples were sandwiched between two quartz plates. λ _ex: 1 and 2, 344 nm; 3, 4 and 5, 378 nm. (b) Photo images of solution (top) and liquid (bottom) samples under handy UV lamp irradiation at 365 nm. (c) A section of CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram of 1–5 in both solution (white squares) and liquid state (yellow circles) at 25 °C. Only liquid 5 exhibits similar luminescent color to its solution, while liquids 1–4 showed different emission colors to their solutions.