Table 1.
Model input parameters for programme options and local settings for mass drug administration
| Standard scenario value | Values when varied | |
|---|---|---|
| Programmatic considerations | ||
| Rounds of mass drug administration per year | 2 | 3 |
| Effective coverage* (%) | 70% | 30%, 50%, 90% |
| Coverage correlation between rounds | 1† or 0‡ | 0 or 1 |
| Interval between rounds | 5 weeks | 4 weeks, 6 weeks |
| Duration of programme | 2 years | 1 year |
| Time of year when mass drug administration begins | Optimum (as defined by each group) in a Zambia-like seasonality | Each month of the year |
| Other interventions | Insecticide-treated bednets at 80% effective coverage and access to passive treatment with artemisinin-based combination therapy at 60% throughout the simulation | Removal of vector control, simulated by a ten-fold increase in the emergence rate of adult mosquitos starting at the beginning of the year in which mass drug administrated is implemented |
| Choice of drug | Long-lasting artemisinin-based combination therapy with properties similar to dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine | .. |
| Transmission setting characteristics | ||
| Baseline transmission intensity | 5% PfPR2–10, as measured by microscopy | 1 to 10 |
| Importation of malaria cases | None | 0·4–1·6 infections per 10 000 people per year14 |
| Population size | 10 000 | 1000 |
| Artemisinin resistance | 0% | Variable |
| Seasonality profile | Zambia-based single annual rainy season profile | Two rainy seasons per year, no seasonal variation in transmission |
The standard intervention scenario was used as a basis for comparison and values were varied as shown. PfPR2–10=Plasmodium falciparum parasite rate in children aged 2–10 years.
Defined as the percentage of the population that takes the full course of drug that clears all parasites (the product of access to intervention, adherence, and drug efficacy). The denominator corresponds to the entire population; ineligible people (eg, pregnant women) and infants younger than 6 months are not included in mass drug administrations.
The same people are treated in each round in the EMOD Disease Transmission Kernel, Imperial, and OpenMalaria models.
Random individuals are treated in each round in the Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit model.