Table 2.

Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses estimating the risk factors of brain metastases of resected lung adenocarcinoma patients.

Clinicopathological factors		Univariable analysis			Multivariable analysis
		Hazard ratio	95% CI	P value	Hazard ratio	95% CI	P value
Age, years	≥60 versus <60	1.514	0.456–5.029	0.498
Gender	Male versus female	0.616	0.199–1.910	0.402
Smoking status	Ever versus never	1.230	0.333–4.542	0.756
Tumor location	Upper lobe versus nonupper lobe	0.698	0.222–2.200	0.539
Histology grade	Well versus poor	0.873	0.263–2.898	0.824
T stage	T3-4 versus T1-2	2.593	0.780–8.615	0.120
N stage	N2 versus N0-1	4.304	1.365–13.575	0.013	1.374	0.283–6.669	0.693
TNM stage	III versus I-II	4.976	1.346–18.390	0.016	2.640	0.440–15.829	0.288
Adjuvant therapy	Yes versus no	1.175	0.318–4.343	0.808
CEA	<5.2 ng/mL versus ≥5.2 ng/mL	0.162	0.004–0.598	0.006	0.194	0.052–0.722	0.014
Hb	≥115 g/L versus <115 g/L	0.510	0.111–2.330	0.358
PLR	≥120 versus <120	6.085	1.333–27.285	0.020	5.149	1.117–23.729	0.036

CI, confidence interval; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; Hb, hemoglobin; PLR, platelet to lymphocyte ratio.