Table 2. Summary of studies assumed to target STG/STS.
| Study | Population | N | Method | “Active” electrode | “Reference” electrode | Protocol | Timing | Outcome | Control |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flöel et al. (2008) | Healthy | 19 | tDCS | Cp5 | Contralateral supraorbital area | 20 min. of 1 mA | Online | Anodal (but not cathodal) tDCS over left STG improves associative learning of visual words and auditory pseudowords | Sham (same subjects) |
| Meinzer et al. (2014) | Healthy | 20 (+20 for sham) | tDCS | Cp5 | Contralateral supraorbital area | 5 × 20 min. of 1 mA | Online | Anodal tDCS over left STG improves associative learning of visual pseudowords and pictures | Sham |
| Savill et al. (2015) | Healthy | 24 | tDCS | Cp5 | Contralateral supraorbital area | 15 min. of 1.5 mA | Online | Anodal tDCS over left STG during acquisition of spoken pseudowords improves performance in learning task on the next day | Sham (same subjects) |
| Peretz & Lavidor (2013) | Healthy | 17 | tDCS | Cp5/Cp6 (separate sessions) | Contralateral orbitofrontal cortex | 10 min. of 1 mA | Offline | Anodal tDCS over right STG decreases reaction time in lexical ambiguity task (only for subordinate associations) | Sham (same subjects) |
| Price et al. (2016) † | Healthy | 18 | HD-tDCS | Cp5/C6 (separate sessions) | Ring of four electrodes, ∼6 cm away from target electrode | 21 min. of 2 mA | Online | Anodal tDCS over left (but not right) AG increases processing speed of written semantic information | Sham (same subjects) |
| Wang et al. (2013) | Aphasia | 1 | tDCS | Cp5/Fc3 (separate sessions) | Contralateral shoulder | 10 × 20 min. of 1.2 mA | Offline | Anodal tDCS over left STG and left IFG improves auditory word identification after five sessions (no further improvement after 10 sessions) | Sham (same subject) |
| Wu et al. (2015) | Aphasia | 12 | tDCS | Cp5 | Contralateral shoulder | 5 × 20 min. of 1.2 mA | Offline | Anodal tDCS over left STG improves auditory word identification | Sham (same subjects) |
| You et al. (2011) | Aphasia | 7 (+7 for sham) | tDCS | Cp5/Cp6 (separate sessions) | Contralateral supraorbital area | 10 × 30 min. of 2 mA | Offline | Cathodal tDCS over right STG (but not anodal tDCS over left STG) improves auditory verbal comprehension | Sham |
| Riedel et al. (2015) | Healthy | 17 (+17 for sham; +17 for contr) | tDCS | Det. by MRI/neuro-navigation | Contralateral orbit | 20 min. of 0.75 mA | Online | Cathodal tDCS over left pSTS (but not over BA6/44) decreases visual and auditory speech recognition | Sham, control location |
Note: Studies with a slightly different target site are marked with a cross. Organisation same as in Table 1.