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. 2017 Jun 13;17:90. doi: 10.1186/s12874-017-0364-y

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver(http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — Simulated mean ranks. The mean rank is based on 10000 simulation runs, with different methods of data generation. The dashed line represents the reference mean ranks from population data. Normal data: multivariate normal distributed covariate data. Quantile data: covariate data drawn from the empirical distribution. GLM: modeling of the relationship with logistic regression. GAM: modeling of the relationship with generalized additive models