Figure 4. Postindex COPD-Related Healthcare Costs Among Patients with COPD.

NOTE: Values for emergency department costs and skilled nursing facility costs are not shown in the figure because of their relatively small amount. Adherent, proportion of days covered (PDC) ≥0.8; mildly nonadherent, 0.5 ≤ PDC <0.8; moderately nonadherent, 0.3 ≤ PDC <0.5; highly nonadherent, PDC <0.3.

^aP <.05, in favor of being nonadherent.

^bP <.05, in favor of being adherent.

COPD indicates chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.