Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 1018)
| Variables | Mean ± SD or n (%) |
|---|---|
| Age (years) | 59.1 ± 11.7 |
| Sex | |
| Female | 509 (50.0) |
| Male | 509 (50.0) |
| Race/ethnicity | |
| Han | 981 (96.4) |
| Other | 37 (3.6) |
| Education | |
| Elementary school or lower | 228 (22.4) |
| Middle school | 232 (22.8) |
| High school | 306 (30.1) |
| College or higher | 252 (24.7) |
| Marital status | |
| Married | 920 (90.4) |
| Single/divorced/widowed | 98 (9.6) |
| Living area | |
| Urban | 770 (75.6) |
| Rural | 248 (24.4) |
| Income (RMB (USD)/month) | |
| ≤3000 (451) | 620 (60.9) |
| >3000 (451) | 398 (39.1) |
| Smoker | |
| Yes | 345 (33.9) |
| No | 673 (66.1) |
| Alcohol drinker | |
| Yes | 308 (30.3) |
| No | 710 (69.7) |
| Tea drinker | |
| Yes | 732 (71.9) |
| No | 286 (28.1) |
| Fluid intake (ml/day) | |
| ≤2500 | 546 (53.6) |
| >2500 | 472 (46.4) |
| Exercise | |
| Yes | 397 (39.0) |
| No | 621 (61.0) |
| Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) | 0.9 ± 0.1 |
| Urinary tract infection history a | |
| Yes | 93 (9.1) |
| No | 925 (90.9) |
| Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) | 1.7 ± 1.0 |
| Diabetes mellitus duration (years) | 9.0 ± 7.4 |
| Diabetic peripheral neuropathy or retinopathy | |
| Yes | 533 (52.4) |
| No | 485 (47.6) |
| overactive bladder | |
| No overactive bladder | 878 (86.3) |
| Dry overactive bladder | 60 (5.9) |
| Wet overactive bladder | 80 (7.9) |
SD standard deviation, RMB Chinese Yuan, USD United States dollar
aPatients with type 2 diabetes who had a urinary tract infection at least one month before the survey