Table 1.
Participant characteristics for the n = 135 children included in this study
| Non-active (n = 58) |
Active (n = 77) |
p valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years, median (range) | 12.7 (10.5–14.0) | 12.2 (9.2–14.0) | <0.01 |
| Males, n (%) | 32 (55%) | 35 (45%) | 0.26 |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) Hispanic African American |
42 (72%) 16 (28%) |
46 (60%) 31 (40%) |
0.13 |
| Asthmab, n (%) | 30 (52%) | 45 (58%) | 0.44 |
| FVC % predicted, mean (SD) | 85% (12.1) | 86% (10.5) | 0.92 |
| FEV1 % predicted, mean (SD) | 84% (13.0) | 85% (11.6) | 0.72 |
| FEV1/FVC % predicted, mean (SD) | 87% (7.5) | 87% (5.3) | 0.52 |
| FEF25–75% % predicted, mean (SD) | 83% (24.2) | 86% (21.7) | 0.36 |
| Total IgE ≥80 IU/mL | 31 (53%) | 38 (49%) | 0.64 |
| BMI ≥85th percentile, n (%) | 31 (53%) | 39 (51%) | 0.75 |
| Secondhand smokec, n (%) | 3 (5%) | 14 (18%) | 0.04 |
| Heating seasond, n (%) | 25 (43%) | 44 (57%) | 0.11 |
| Black carbon, GM (SD) | 1070 (1.69) | 1190 (1.78) | 0.25 |
| High BCe, n (%) | 26 (45%) | 37 (48%) | 0.71 |
FVC forced vital capacity, FVE 1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FEF 25–75% forced expiratory flow at 25–75%, IgE Immunoglobulin E, BMI body mass index, BC black carbon
aChi-square test for categorical variables and t test for continuous variables (age and black carbon)
bDetermined by a physician at age 5–12 years using a priori standardized criteria
cDetermined by responding yes to the question “In the last 2 weeks have you been exposed to tobacco smoke in the home.” missing n = 1 from the active group
dObservation period took place during NYC’s cold weather heating season (October to April)
eDichotomized at the median, 1210 ng/m3
Italicised values in the final column represent a p-value < 0.05