Table 4. Funding for Acute Kidney Replacement Therapy Provision, Overall and by ISN Regions and World Bank Income Groups.
| No. of Responding Countries | No. (%) of Responding Countries | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Publicly Funded by Government Free at the Point of Delivery | Publicly Funded by Government But With Some Fees at the Point of Delivery | Mix of Public and Private Funding Systems | Solely Private and Out of Pocket | Solely Private Through Health Insurance Providers | Multiple Funding Systemsa | ||
| Acute Hemodialysis | |||||||
| Overall | 116 | 45 (39) | 22 (19) | 41 (35) | 1 (1) | 0 | 7 (6) |
| ISN regions | |||||||
| Africa | 32 | 10 (32) | 9 (28) | 9 (28) | 1 (3) | 0 | 3 (9) |
| Middle East | 13 | 6 (46) | 1 (8) | 4 (31) | 0 | 0 | 2 (15) |
| Latin America | 15 | 2 (13) | 0 | 13 (87) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| North and East Asia | 6 | 0 | 4 (66) | 1 (17) | 0 | 0 | 1 (17) |
| South Asia | 5 | 0 | 1 (20) | 4 (80) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| OSEA | 13 | 2 (15) | 4 (31) | 6 (46) | 0 | 0 | 1 (8) |
| East and Central Europe | 16 | 14 (88) | 1 (6) | 1 (6) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| NIS and Russia | 5 | 3 (60) | 1 (20) | 1 (20) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Western Europe | 9 | 7 (78) | 1 (11) | 1 (11) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| North America | 2 | 1 (50) | 0 | 1 (50) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| World Bank income groups | |||||||
| Low | 16 | 4 (25)b | 5 (32) | 5 (31) | 1 (6) | 0 | 1 (6) |
| Lower middle | 32 | 5 (16) | 10 (31) | 14 (44) | 0 | 0 | 3 (9) |
| Upper middle | 30 | 16 (53) | 1 (3) | 11 (37) | 0 | 0 | 2 (7) |
| High | 38 | 20 (52) | 6 (16) | 11 (29) | 0 | 0 | 1 (3) |
| Acute Peritoneal Dialysis | |||||||
| Overall | 70 | 34 (49) | 11 (16) | 19 (27) | 3 (4) | 0 | 3 (4) |
| ISN regions | |||||||
| Africa | 11 | 3 (27) | 2 (18) | 4 (37) | 1 (9) | 0 | 1 (9) |
| Middle East | 7 | 5 (72) | 1 (14) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (14) |
| Latin America | 14 | 4 (29) | 1 (7) | 7 (50) | 2 (14) | 0 | 0 |
| North and East Asia | 4 | 0 | 4 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| South Asia | 5 | 1 (20) | 0 | 4 (80) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| OSEA | 6 | 1 (17) | 2 (33) | 2 (33) | 0 | 0 | 1 (17) |
| East and Central Europe | 11 | 10 (91) | 1 (9) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| NIS and Russia | 4 | 4 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Western Europe | 6 | 5 (83) | 0 | 1 (17) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| North America | 2 | 1 (50) | 0 | 1 (50) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| World Bank income groups | |||||||
| Low | 4 | 0 | 0 | 3 (75) | 1 (25) | 0 | 0 |
| Lower middle | 17 | 7 (41) | 3 (18) | 5 (29) | 0 | 0 | 2 (12) |
| Upper middle | 22 | 13 (59) | 2 (9) | 6 (27) | 1 (5) | 0 | 0 |
| High | 27 | 14 (51) | 6 (22) | 5 (19) | 1 (4) | 0 | 1 (4) |
Abbreviations: ISN, International Society of Nephrology; NIS, newly independent states; OSEA, Oceania and South East Asia.
a
Involving government, nongovernmental organizations, and communities.
b
Low-income countries offering acute hemodialysis free of cost were Chad, Gambia, Mozambique, and Tanzania.