Table 7. Availability of Services for Chronic Kidney Disease Monitoring and Management at Secondary or Tertiary Care Levels.
| No. of Responding Countries | Availability, No. (%) of Responding Countries | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Always | Usually | Rarely | Never | ||
| Blood Pressure | |||||
| Overall | 119 | 106 (89) | 13 (11) | 0 | 0 |
| ISN regions | |||||
| Africa | 33 | 27 (82) | 6 (18) | 0 | 0 |
| Middle East | 13 | 13 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Latin America | 16 | 15 (94) | 1 (6) | 0 | 0 |
| North and East Asia | 6 | 3 (50) | 3 (50) | 0 | 0 |
| South Asia | 5 | 5 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| OSEA | 13 | 12 (92) | 1 (8) | 0 | 0 |
| East and Central Europe | 16 | 16 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| NIS and Russia | 6 | 5 (83) | 1 (17) | 0 | 0 |
| Western Europe | 9 | 8 (89) | 1 (11) | 0 | 0 |
| North America | 2 | 2 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| World Bank income groups | |||||
| Low | 17 | 14 (82) | 3 (18) | 0 | 0 |
| Lower middle | 33 | 28 (85) | 5 (15) | 0 | 0 |
| Upper middle | 31 | 29 (94) | 2 (6) | 0 | 0 |
| High | 38 | 35 (92) | 3 (8) | 0 | 0 |
| Blood Glucose | |||||
| Overall | 119 | 83 (70) | 35 (29) | 1 (1) | 0 |
| ISN regions | |||||
| Africa | 33 | 18 (55) | 14 (42) | 1 (3) | 0 |
| Middle East | 13 | 12 (92) | 1 (8) | 0 | 0 |
| Latin America | 16 | 14 (87) | 2 (13) | 0 | 0 |
| North and East Asia | 6 | 1 (17) | 5 (83) | 0 | 0 |
| South Asia | 5 | 4 (80) | 1 (20) | 0 | 0 |
| OSEA | 13 | 7 (54) | 6 (46) | 0 | 0 |
| East and Central Europe | 16 | 15 (94) | 1 (6) | 0 | 0 |
| NIS and Russia | 6 | 3 (50) | 3 (50) | 0 | 0 |
| Western Europe | 9 | 7 (78) | 2 (22) | 0 | 0 |
| North America | 2 | 2 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| World Bank income groups | |||||
| Low | 17 | 10 (59) | 7 (41) | 0 | 0 |
| Lower middle | 33 | 17 (52) | 15 (45) | 1 (3) | 0 |
| Upper middle | 31 | 25 (81) | 6 (19) | 0 | 0 |
| High | 38 | 31 (82) | 7 (18) | 0 | 0 |
| Serum Creatinine | |||||
| Serum creatinine with eGFR reporting | |||||
| Overall | 108 | 43 (40) | 25 (23) | 25 (23) | 15 (14) |
| ISN regions | |||||
| Africa | 33 | 7 (21) | 6 (18) | 8 (24) | 12 (37) |
| Middle East | 13 | 5 (38) | 5 (38) | 3 (24) | 0 |
| Latin America | 5 | 2 (40) | 1 (20) | 1 (20) | 1 (20) |
| North and East Asia | 6 | 1 (17) | 4 (66) | 1 (17) | 0 |
| South Asia | 5 | 0 | 2 (40) | 2 (40) | 1 (20) |
| OSEA | 13 | 6 (46) | 3 (23) | 4 (31) | 0 |
| East and Central Europe | 16 | 11 (68) | 2 (13) | 2 (13) | 1 (6) |
| NIS and Russia | 6 | 2 (33) | 1 (17) | 3 (50) | 0 |
| Western Europe | 9 | 7 (78) | 1 (11) | 1 (11) | 0 |
| North America | 2 | 2 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| World Bank income groups | |||||
| Low | 17 | 2 (12) | 1 (6) | 3 (18) | 11 (64) |
| Lower middle | 29 | 5 (17) | 9 (31) | 13 (45) | 2 (7) |
| Upper middle | 27 | 10 (37) | 10 (37) | 5 (19) | 2 (7) |
| High | 35 | 26 (75) | 5 (14) | 4 (11) | 0 |
| Serum creatinine without eGFR reporting | |||||
| Overall | 117 | 68 (58) | 40 (34) | 7 (6) | 2 (2) |
| ISN regions | |||||
| Africa | 32 | 9 (28) | 19 (60) | 3 (9) | 1 (3) |
| Middle East | 13 | 13 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Latin America | 16 | 10 (62) | 6 (38) | 0 | 0 |
| North and East Asia | 6 | 3 (50) | 3 (50) | 0 | 0 |
| South Asia | 5 | 3 (60) | 2 (40) | 0 | 0 |
| OSEA | 12 | 6 (50) | 5 (42) | 1 (8) | 0 |
| East and Central Europe | 16 | 12 (75) | 2 (13) | 1 (6) | 1 (6) |
| NIS and Russia | 6 | 5 (83) | 1 (17) | 0 | 0 |
| Western Europe | 9 | 5 (56) | 2 (22) | 2 (22) | 0 |
| North America | 2 | 2 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| World Bank income groups | |||||
| Low | 17 | 2 (12) | 12 (70) | 2 (12) | 1 (6) |
| Lower middle | 31 | 16 (52) | 13 (42) | 2 (6) | 0 |
| Upper middle | 31 | 24 (77) | 7 (23) | 0 | 0 |
| High | 38 | 26 (68) | 8 (21) | 3 (8) | 1 (3) |
| UACR or UPCR Measurement | |||||
| Overall | 118 | 32 (27) | 47 (40) | 28 (24) | 11 (9) |
| ISN regions | |||||
| Africa | 32 | 2 (6) | 8 (25) | 14 (44) | 8 (25) |
| Middle East | 13 | 5 (38) | 8 (62) | 0 | 0 |
| Latin America | 16 | 4 (25) | 10 (62) | 2 (13) | 0 |
| North and East Asia | 6 | 1 (17) | 4 (66) | 0 | 1 (17) |
| South Asia | 5 | 0 | 3 (60) | 2 (40) | 0 |
| OSEA | 13 | 4 (31) | 4 (31) | 5 (38) | 0 |
| East and Central Europe | 16 | 7 (44) | 4 (25) | 4 (25) | 1 (6) |
| NIS and Russia | 6 | 1 (17) | 3 (49) | 1 (17) | 1 (17) |
| Western Europe | 9 | 6 (67) | 3 (33) | 0 | 0 |
| North America | 2 | 2 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| World Bank income groups | |||||
| Low | 17 | 0 | 1 (6) | 10 (59) | 6 (35) |
| Lower middle | 33 | 3 (9) | 15 (46) | 13 (39) | 2 (6) |
| Upper middle | 30 | 9 (30) | 14 (47) | 4 (13) | 3 (10) |
| High | 38 | 20 (52) | 17 (45) | 1 (3) | 0 |
| Radiology Services (Ultrasound) | |||||
| Overall | 119 | 68 (57) | 45 (38) | 6 (5) | 0 |
| ISN regions | |||||
| Africa | 33 | 13 (39) | 16 (49) | 4 (12) | 0 |
| Middle East | 13 | 12 (92) | 1 (8) | 0 | 0 |
| Latin America | 16 | 8 (50) | 8 (50) | 0 | 0 |
| North and East Asia | 6 | 3 (50) | 3 (50) | 0 | 0 |
| South Asia | 5 | 3 (60) | 2 (40) | 0 | 0 |
| OSEA | 13 | 5 (38) | 6 (47) | 2 (15) | 0 |
| East and Central Europe | 16 | 12 (75) | 4 (25) | 0 | 0 |
| NIS and Russia | 6 | 4 (67) | 2 (33) | 0 | 0 |
| Western Europe | 9 | 6 (67) | 3 (33) | 0 | 0 |
| North America | 2 | 2 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| World Bank income groups | |||||
| Low | 17 | 5 (29) | 9 (53) | 3 (18) | 0 |
| Lower middle | 33 | 15 (45) | 16 (49) | 2 (6) | 0 |
| Upper middle | 31 | 19 (62) | 11 (35) | 1 (3) | 0 |
| High | 38 | 29 (76) | 9 (24) | 0 | 0 |
| Pathology Services (Renal Biopsy) | |||||
| Overall | 118 | 27 (23) | 47 (39) | 28 (24) | 16 (14) |
| ISN regions | |||||
| Africa | 32 | 1 (3) | 6 (19) | 13 (40) | 12 (38) |
| Middle East | 13 | 4 (31) | 8 (61) | 1 (8) | 0 |
| Latin America | 16 | 2 (13) | 11 (68) | 2 (13) | 1 (6) |
| North and East Asia | 6 | 1 (17) | 3 (50) | 2 (33) | 0 |
| South Asia | 5 | 0 | 4 (80) | 1 (20) | 0 |
| OSEA | 13 | 3 (23) | 3 (23) | 5 (39) | 2 (15) |
| East and Central Europe | 16 | 9 (56) | 4 (25) | 2 (13) | 1 (6) |
| NIS and Russia | 6 | 0 | 4 (67) | 2 (33) | 0 |
| Western Europe | 9 | 5 (56) | 4 (44) | 0 | 0 |
| North America | 2 | 2 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| World Bank income groups | |||||
| Low | 17 | 0 | 3 (18) | 5 (29) | 9 (53) |
| Lower middle | 32 | 1 (3) | 12 (37) | 15 (47) | 4 (13) |
| Upper middle | 31 | 3 (10) | 18 (57) | 7 (23) | 3 (10) |
| High | 38 | 23 (60) | 14 (37) | 1 (3) | 0 |
Abbreviations: eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ISN, International Society of Nephrology; NIS, newly independent states; OSEA, Oceania and South East Asia; UACR, urine albumin:creatinine ratio; UPCR, urine protein:creatinine ratio.