Table 2. Logistic Regression Model for Clinically Relevant Pancreatic Fistula (CR-POPF) Occurrence in 2846 Unmatched Patients Undergoing OPD or RPD.

Variable	CR-POPF, No. (%)		Odds Ratio (95% CI)	P Value
	No	Yes
Operative approach
Open	2310 (86.8)	351 (13.2)	1 [Reference]	.002
Robotic	169 (91.4)	16 (8.6)	0.4 (0.2-0.7)
Gland texture
Firm/hard	1309 (95.8)	57 (4.2)	1 [Reference]	<.001
Soft	1170 (79.1)	310 (20.9)	4.7 (3.4-6.6)
Pathologic findings of high-risk disease ?
No, PDAC/pancreatitis	1378 (92.2)	117 (7.8)	1 [Reference]	.01
Yes, Other pathologic findings	1101 (81.5)	250 (18.5)	1.4 (1.1-1.9)
Pancreatic duct diameter, mm
≥5	739 (92.7)	58 (7.3)	1 [Reference]
4	488 (89.2)	59 (10.8)	1.4 (0.9-2.1)	.11
3	682 (87.4)	98 (12.6)	1.4 (0.9-2.1)	.06
2	454 (78.7)	123 (21.3)	2.1 (1.4-3.1)	<.001
≤1	116 (80.0)	29 (20.0)	1.8 (1.0-3.0)	.03
Intraoperative blood loss, mL
≤400	1403 (88.9)	175 (11.1)	1 [Reference]
401-700	544 (86.5)	85 (13.5)	1.5 (1.1-2.0)	.01
701-1000	257 (86.8)	39 (13.2)	1.4 (0.9-2.1)	.14
>1000	275 (80.2)	68 (19.8)	2.1 (1.4-2.9)	<.001
Operative factors
Type of reconstruction
Pancreaticojejunostomy	2406 (87.4)	348 (12.6)	1 [Reference]
Pancreaticogastrostomy	73 (80.2)	18 (19.8)		.07
None, occlusion	0	1 (100)		.19
Intraoperative drain placement?
No	163 (79.5)	42 (20.5)	1 [Reference]
Yes	2316 (87.7)	325 (12.3)	0.5 (0.3-0.8)	.005
Transanastomotic stent placement?
No	1294 (85.8)	215 (14.2)	1 [Reference]
Internal	623 (86.0)	101 (14.0)	1.2 (0.9-1.7)	.27
External	562 (91.7)	51 (8.3)	0.7 (0.5-1.0)	.06
Prophylactic octreotide
No	1790 (92.7)	141 (7.3)	1 [Reference]
Yes	689 (75.3)	226 (24.7)	3.1 (2.3-4.0)	<.001

Abbreviations: OPD, open pancreatoduodenectomy; PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; RPD, robotic pancreatoduodenectomy.