Table 2.

Group analysis showing volume loss and microstructural changes within the brainstem in individuals with SCI compared to healthy controls.

Modality	p-Value (FWE-corrected)	Cluster extent (voxels)	Z score	Coordinates (mm)			Anatomical location
				x	y	z
Jacobian determinant (i.e. volume loss)	0.017	336	3.87	0	− 39	− 49	Cluster spanning the CSTs and medial lemniscus (medulla)
MT (i.e. myelin reduction)	0.001	15	4.32	1	− 28	− 4	PAG
	0.039	8	4.5	− 2	− 38	− 54	CST (L, medulla)
R1 (i.e. myelin reduction)	< 0.001	110	4.78	− 8	− 38	− 27	Low-mid pons (L, dorsolateral)
	0.019	21	3.77	− 8	− 40	− 29	Low-mid pons (L, dorsolateral)
	0.006	18	3.66	9	− 43	− 31	Low pons (R, dorsolateral)
	0.01	16	4.07	2	− 41	− 34	Low pons (dorsomedial)
	0.005	7	3.85	4	− 42	− 35	Low pons (R, dorsomedial)
	0.011	4	3.55	− 2	− 41	− 36	Low pons (L, dorsomedial)
	0.024	2	3.41	− 1	− 39	− 36	Low pons (L, dorsomedial)
	0.038	1	3.18	6	− 44	− 37	Pontomedullary junction (R, dorsolateral)
	0.02	13	3.82	2	− 43	− 39	Pontomedullary junction (R, dorsomedial)
	< 0.001	485	5.11	− 7	− 44	− 48	Medulla (bilateral, dorsal)
	0.025	12	4.99	4	− 35	− 49	CST (R, medulla)
	0.003	22	4.53	− 1	− 38	− 54	CSTs (bilateral, medulla)

CST = corticospinal tract, FWE = family-wise error, L = left, MT = magnetisation transfer saturation, PAG = periaqueductal grey, R = right, R1 = longitudinal relaxation rate.