Table 2.

Characteristics of initiators^a of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and thiazolidinediones with a baseline metformin prescription : Medicare claims data 2006 – 2013

Characteristic	DPP-4i N=20,596	TZD N=13,526	Weighted TZDb
Age 66-75 years	14,017 (68.1%)	9,385 (69.4%)	14,023 (68.0%)
Age 76-85 years	5,626 (27.3%)	3,544 (26.2%)	5,562 (27.0%)
Age 86+ years	953 (4.6%)	597 (4.4%)	1,034 (5.0%)
Male	8,313 (40.4%)	5,963 (44.1%)	8,302 (40.3%)
Diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction	172 (0.8%)	71 (0.5%)	181 (0.9%)
Diagnosis of angina	714 (3.5%)	331 (2.4%)	721 (3.5%)
Diagnosis of stroke or TIA	913 (4.4%)	515 (3.8%)	918 (4.5%)
Diabetic nephropathy	583 (2.8%)	372 (2.8%)	579 (2.8%)
Diabetic neuropathy	3,179 (15.4%)	1,802 (13.3%)	3,270 (15.9%)
Diabetic retinopathy	2,947 (14.3%)	1,870 (13.8%)	2,968 (14.4%)
Sulfonylureas	11,372 (55.2%)	8,007 (59.2%)	11,362 (55.1%)
Glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists	393 (1.9%)	234 (1.7%)	405 (2.0%)
Long acting insulin	2,154 (10.5%)	1,423 (10.5%)	2,206 (10.7%)
Short acting insulin	705 (3.4%)	516 (3.8%)	717 (3.5%)
Statins	14,849 (72.1%)	9,217 (68.1%)	14,865 (72.1%)

^aInitiation defined as no dispensed prescriptions for DPP-4i or TZD during the 6 months before initiation and filling a second prescription of the same drug/drug class within 6 months after the first prescription. All patients were required to have a metformin prescription in the 6 months before initiation. For the DPP-4i versus TZD analysis patients with diagnosis of heart failure, cardiomyopathy, hypertensive disease with heart failure, chronic kidney disease edema and use of loop diuretics were excluded.

^bPseudo-population of TZD initiators weighted to the distribution of covariates of the DPP-4i initiators using the propensity score to balance covariates (and therefore control for confounding).

All covariates measured during the baseline period before drug initiation