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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychometrika. 2016 Oct 6;81(4):940–968. doi: 10.1007/s11336-016-9521-1

Figure 3.

Figure 3

The results of different scaling methods on four synthetic data functions, each of which is represented by a line with different style: (a) raw data functions, (b) centering only, (c) centering plus columnwise normalization, and (d) centering plus matrixwise normalization.