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. 2017 Jun 14;7:3451. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-03759-w

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Predicted mechanism of IL-6 signalling via chondrocyte/synovial fibroblast cellular cross talk and its exacerbation in obese patients with OA. (A) In normal-weight OA patients, the chondrocytes in the articular cartilage secrete IL-6 into the synovial fluid. Chondrocyte secreted IL-6 binds to IL-6R on the surface of synovial fibroblasts and promotes IL-6 secretion from synovial fibroblasts. (B) In obese patients with OA, pathological levels of leptin stimulate greater secretion of IL-6 from the chondrocytes in the articular cartilage. This greater secretion of IL-6 promotes greater cellular cross-talk with synovial fibroblasts, leading to greater IL-6 secretion into the synovial fluid.